Impact of network‐targeted multichannel transcranial direct current stimulation on intrinsic and network‐to‐network functional connectivity

Mencarelli, Lucia; Menardi, Arianna; Neri, Francesco; Monti, Lucia; Ruffini, Giulio; Salvador, Ricardo; Pascual‐Leone, Álvaro; Momi, Davide; Sprugnoli, Giulia; Rossi, Alessandro; Rossi, Símone; Santarnecchi, Emiliano

doi:10.1002/jnr.24690

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…due to less or more responding based on task difficulty), we opted to focus on right parietal coverage. While verbal working memory storage and rehearsal are more associated with left-lateralized regions of parietal cortex (Awh et al, 1996;Ravizza et al, 2004), some meta-analytic data demonstrate bilateral parietal activation across verbal and non-verbal N-back tasks (Mencarelli et al, 2019;Owen et al, 2005) Gross ROIs from the montage (used in subsequent figures) were defined based on the Brain AnalyzIR Toolbox's depth map function (Santosa et al, 2018). Depth maps show the distance from each fNIRS optode to the superficial cortex of several talairach daemon labeled regions of the Colin27 atlas (Lancaster et al, 2000), which can be used to determine coverage of an ROI based on the montage used.…”

Section: Fnirs Optode Locations (Montage)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Load-Dependent Relationships between Frontal fNIRS Activity and Performance: A Data-Driven PLS Approach

Meidenbauer¹,

Choe

Cardenas‐Iniguez³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Neuroimaging research frequently demonstrates load-dependent activation in the prefrontal cortex during working memory tasks such as the N-back. Most of this work has been conducted in fMRI, but functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is gaining traction as a less invasive and more flexible alternative to measuring cortical hemodynamics. Few fNIRS studies, however, have examined how working memory load-dependent changes in brain hemodynamics relate to performance. The current study employs a newly developed and robust statistical analysis of task-based fNIRS data in a large sample, and demonstrates the utility of data-driven, multivariate analyses to link brain activation and behavior in this modality. Seventy participants completed a standard N-back task with three N-back levels (N = 1, 2, 3) while fNIRS data were collected from frontal and parietal cortex. Overall, participants showed reliably greater fronto-parietal activation for the 2-back versus the 1-back task, suggesting fronto-parietal fNIRS measurements are sensitive to differences in cognitive load. The results for 3-back were much less consistent, potentially due to poor behavioral performance in the 3-back task. To address this, a multivariate analysis (behavioral partial least squares, PLS) was conducted to examine the interaction between fNIRS activation and performance at each N-back level. Results of the PLS analysis demonstrated differences in the relationship between accuracy and change in the deoxyhemoglobin fNIRS signal as a function of N-back level in four mid-frontal channels. Specifically, greater reductions in deoxyhemoglobin (i.e., more activation) were positively related to performance on the 3-back task, unrelated to accuracy in the 2-back task, and negatively associated with accuracy in the 1-back task. This pattern of results suggests that the metabolic demands correlated with neural activity required for high levels of accuracy vary as a consequence of task difficulty/cognitive load, whereby more automaticity during the 1-back task (less mid-frontal activity) predicted superior performance on this relatively easy task, and successful engagement of this mid-frontal region was required for high accuracy on a more difficult and cognitively demanding 3-back task. In summary, we show that fNIRS activity can track working memory load and can uncover significant associations between brain activity and performance, thus opening the door for this modality to be used in more wide-spread applications.

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Section: Fnirs Optode Locations (Montage)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the more well-studied effects in fMRI and fNIRS is that of cognitive loaddependent changes in frontal and parietal cortical regions (Cui et al, 2011;Fishburn et al, 2014;Herff et al, 2014;Mencarelli et al, 2019;Owen et al, 2005). That is, neural activity in these regions increases with more cognitively taxing and difficult tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load-Dependent Relationships between Frontal fNIRS Activity and Performance: A Data-Driven PLS Approach

Meidenbauer¹,

Choe

Cardenas‐Iniguez³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…There are two different paradigms: intermittent TBS (iTBS) and continuous TBS (cTBS). While iTBS facilitates CE, cTBS attenuates it (45)(46)(47)(48)(49). The advantage of TBS as compared to low and high frequency rTMS is that by using a similar number of pulses but considerably shorter duration and lower intensity of stimulation, experimental time is reduced without jeopardizing effect strength.…”

Section: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computational modeling studies suggested that current flow is mostly focused under the stimulated electrode ( 53 ), although human imaging studies showed that tDCS could even modulate spinal network excitability ( 60 ), which is in line with animal studies showing spread of tDCS-related effects to subcortical networks ( 61 ). Novel approaches emerged to improve spatial targeting, such as high definition transcranial current stimulation (HD-tCS) ( 62 ) or network-targeted multichannel stimulation (net-tCS) ( 63 , 64 ) that make use of multiple electrodes improving focality.…”

Section: Non-invasive Brain Stimulation: Basic Priniciples and Findings In Chronic Musculoskeletal Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Circuits Involved in the Development of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Evidence From Non-invasive Brain Stimulation

et al. 2021

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It has been well-documented that the brain changes in states of chronic pain. Less is known about changes in the brain that predict the transition from acute to chronic pain. Evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests a shift from brain regions involved in nociceptive processing to corticostriatal brain regions that are instrumental in the processing of reward and emotional learning in the transition to the chronic state. In addition, dysfunction in descending pain modulatory circuits encompassing the periaqueductal gray and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex may also be a key risk factor for pain chronicity. Although longitudinal imaging studies have revealed potential predictors of pain chronicity, their causal role has not yet been determined. Here we review evidence from studies that involve non-invasive brain stimulation to elucidate to what extent they may help to elucidate the brain circuits involved in pain chronicity. Especially, we focus on studies using non-invasive brain stimulation techniques [e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), particularly its repetitive form (rTMS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)] in the context of musculoskeletal pain chronicity. We focus on the role of the motor cortex because of its known contribution to sensory components of pain via thalamic inhibition, and the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex because of its role on cognitive and affective processing of pain. We will also discuss findings from studies using experimentally induced prolonged pain and studies implicating the DLPFC, which may shed light on the earliest transition phase to chronicity. We propose that combined brain stimulation and imaging studies might further advance mechanistic models of the chronicity process and involved brain circuits. Implications and challenges for translating the research on mechanistic models of the development of chronic pain to clinical practice will also be addressed.

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“…tACS can be targeted to different cortical brain regions depending on the electrode montage. A recent method for optimizing the configuration of multifocal tACS for stimulation of specific brain networks ( 28 , 29 ) has been developed. Such multifocal brain network targeting achieves a more significant behavioral and physiological impact than traditional tACS approaches using two large electrodes ( 30 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient-Tailored, Home-Based Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for Memory Deficits in Dementia Due to Alzheimer's Disease

Bréchet

Biagi³

et al. 2021

Front. Neurol.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that can cause dementia (Alzheimer's disease-related dementia, ADRD) with growing cognitive disability and vast physical, emotional, and financial pressures not only on the patients but also on caregivers and families. Loss of memory is an early and very debilitating symptom in AD patients and a relevant predictor of disease progression. Data from rodents, as well as human studies, suggest that dysregulation of specific brain oscillations, particularly in the hippocampus, is linked to memory deficits. Animal and human studies demonstrate that non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in the form of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) allows to reliably and safely interact with ongoing oscillatory patterns in the brain in specific frequencies. We developed a protocol for patient-tailored home-based tACS with an instruction program to train a caregiver to deliver daily sessions of tACS that can be remotely monitored by the study team. We provide a discussion of the neurobiological rationale to modulate oscillations and a description of the study protocol. Data of two patients with ADRD who have completed this protocol illustrate the feasibility of the approach and provide pilot evidence on the safety of the remotely-monitored, caregiver-administered, home-based tACS intervention. These findings encourage the pursuit of a large, adequately powered, randomized controlled trial of home-based tACS for memory dysfunction in ADRD.

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Impact of network‐targeted multichannel transcranial direct current stimulation on intrinsic and network‐to‐network functional connectivity

Cited by 27 publications

References 70 publications

Load-Dependent Relationships between Frontal fNIRS Activity and Performance: A Data-Driven PLS Approach

Load-Dependent Relationships between Frontal fNIRS Activity and Performance: A Data-Driven PLS Approach

Brain Circuits Involved in the Development of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Evidence From Non-invasive Brain Stimulation

Patient-Tailored, Home-Based Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for Memory Deficits in Dementia Due to Alzheimer's Disease

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