“…The study that examined robustness generated a score of PDMP administrative strength or “robustness” by assigning weights to specific administrative features on the basis of extant evidence, or expert judgment if evidence was lacking, regarding the expected effect of the characteristic on prescribing or overdose, then summing the weights for a PDMP in a given state for a particular year (26). Among the 7 studies that examined program features, whether alone (22, 24) or in addition to PDMPs in general (19, 20, 22, 27, 28), mandatory provider use of or registration for the PDMP was the most frequently evaluated administrative feature, with 1 study examining the association with nonfatal overdoses (28), 4 studies investigating the association with fatal overdoses (20, 22, 24, 27), and 1 study looking at the association with both nonfatal and fatal overdoses (23). In addition, 2 studies examined state authorization for providers to access PDMP data (20, 22), 2 focused on proactive reporting of PDMP data to providers (19, 28), 1 looked at interstate sharing of PDMP data (19), 3 investigated the frequency of reports (19, 27, 28), 1 examined PDMP housing agency (19), and 3 analyzed the monitoring of nonscheduled drugs (19, 27, 28).…”