Impact of no-tillage agricultural methods on the energy balance and the greenhouse gas balance of cropping systems

Labreuche, Jérôme; Lellahi, Afsaneh; Malaval, Chloé; Germon, Jean-Claude

doi:10.1684/agr.2011.0492

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…(2011) associated the lower biomass observed under direct seeding with less soil porosity, which affects the development of the crop root system. Less below-ground biomass under direct seeding has been also associated with difficulty in rooting due to compact soils under no tillage (Labreuche et al, 2011). In our study, however, the average differences in root biomass in favor of tillage are largely driven by the results of the BMF and BMF+A treatments in both Soaodou and Savalou; when averages are calculated per single treatment (soil preparation × fertilization regime), we observed no significant differences in root biomass between any of the soil preparation and fertilization regimes (Table 4).…”

Section: Above-and Below-ground Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited yield penalties in an early transition to conservation agriculture in cotton-based cropping systems of Benin

Yemadje

Takpa²,

Amonmide³

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Transitioning toward minimum or no tillage is challenging for smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), due to the possible yield penalties during the initial years of a transition. Understanding the early impacts of such transitions is crucial in a cash crop such as cotton, on which farmers rely for their income, and is necessary to inform agroecological strategies to cope with both these challenges. This study explores the combined impact of minimum or no tillage and fertilizer regimes on agronomic parameters of cotton–cereal rotations, as practiced by smallholder farmers in Benin. A multilocation experiment was set up in three different agroclimatic zones, namely, Savalou (7°55′41″, 1°58′32″), Okpara (2°48′15″, 7°72′07″), and Soaodou (10°28′33″, 1°98′33″). In each area, the experiment was laid out as a split-plot design with four replications (main plot = soil preparation; subplot = fertilizers regimes). The treatments consisted of three different forms of soil preparation, namely, tillage, strip tillage, and no tillage or direct seeding, and four fertilization regimes, namely, basal mineral fertilizers (BMF, 200 kg ha1 of N14P18K18S6B1 + 50 kg ha1 of urea), BMF + A (200 kg ha1 of calcium phosphate amendment, 22P2O5-43CaO−4S), BMF + C (400 kg ha1 of compost), and BMF + A + C. At all sites, direct seeding led to lower below-ground biomass growth and seed cotton yields compared with conventional tillage in an early transition to conservation agriculture starting from degraded soils (2% to 25%). Weak rooting under direct seeding resulted in lower cotton yields compared with that under tillage (−12%) and strip tillage (−15%). At 45 and 90 days after emergence, cotton plants were shorter under direct seeding compared with tillage (−9% and −13%, respectively) and strip tillage (−23% and −6%, respectively). Fertilizer regimes affected seed cotton yields differently across sites and treatments, with marginal responses within soil preparation methods, but they contributed to increase yield differences between conventional and no tillage. Considering the need for sustainable practices, in the context of degraded soils and poor productivity, such limited yield penalties under CA appear to be a reasonable trade-off in the first year of a transition. Alternatively, the results from the first year of this experiment, which is meant to continue for another 5 years, suggest that strip tillage could be a sensible way to initialize a transition, without initial yield penalties, toward more sustainable soil management.

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Section: Above-and Below-ground Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited yield penalties in an early transition to conservation agriculture in cotton-based cropping systems of Benin

Yemadje

Takpa²,

Amonmide³

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Techniques of restoring soil quality include conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, and continuous vegetative cover such as residue mulch and cover cropping, and controlled grazing at appropriate stocking rates. The strategy is to produce "more from less" by reducing losses and increasing soil, water, and nutrient use efficiency (Labreuche, Lellahi, Malaval, & Germon, 2011;Lal, 2015). Sustainable intensification, producing more from less by reducing losses and increasing the use efficiency, is attainable through improvement of soil quality including chemical quality or soil fertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biochar impact on miscanthus and sunflower growth in marginal lands

Kharytonov

Klimkina

Мартынова

et al. 2020

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The results of the experiment with biochar as a soil amendment are presented. Two energy crops (Miscanthus × giganteus and Helianthus annuus) were grown in the vegetation containers with two types of marginal lands. Low humus black soil Low humus black was taken in flood plain of Kilchen river. Red-brown clay was taken from the quarry board 15 yeas ago to create reclaimed mine land in site near "Blagodatna" coal mining tailing. It was defined that the biochar addition intensifies growth processes from 7-30% (Helianthus) to 20-88 % (Miscanthus). For Miscanthus, the effect was more pronounced on black soil, and for Helianthus on red-brown clay. Due to the biochar application, the plant capacity to take up heavy metals by above-ground organs decreased. As a result, the heavy metal content in leaves and stems has reduced by an ave-rage of 10-25%. However, because of the gain in biomass productivity, the uptake level of some heavy metals has increased. Especially, this was characteristic of the Miscanthus leaf biomass. So, the uptake of heavy metals by leaves increased from 28.1% (Pb) to 62.9% (Fe) on the black soil, and from 20.3% (Cu) to 46.6% (Zn) on the red-brown clay. The addition of biochar had a slight effect on thermolysis passing of Miscanthus and Helianthus biomass. So, in Miscanthus, duration of the process has grown shorter. The rate of thermal degradation in the leaf biomass was greater, which is especially noticeable in the region of hemicelluloses destruction. In the stem biomass a pronounced increase in the thermolysis rate was noted in the region of volatile components evapo-ration (on the black soil) and during the cellulose decomposition. Besides, under the impact of biochar, biomass combustion was more complete (by 5.1% on the red-brown clay and by 30% on the black soil). In leaf biomass of Helianthus, the onset of thermolysis has shifted toward higher temperatures. In addition, the magnitude of the thermal effect was greater at almost all stages of decomposition. In stem biomass, thermal effects also increased, but only slightly. Under the influence of biochar, the first stage of decomposition was faster. In biomass taken from red-brown clay, the rate of hemicellulose degradation also increased. In biomass taken from black soil, biochar application contributed to more intensive decomposition of lignin. After combustion, the share of residual mass in stem of plants grown on black soil with the biochar addition increased by 30%. The opposite effect was observed on red-brown clay: the share of residual mass decreased by 49%. Besides, the thermal stability of stem biomass grown on the substrates using biochar lessened by 8-16%.

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“…L'augmentation générale de la surface des exploitations et la faible diversité des assolements impliquent des pointes de travail que l'agriculteur tente de réduire en minimisant les temps d'intervention, ce que peuvent permettre les TCSL. Mais le développement de ce type de pratiques est aussi fortement lié à des préoccupations environnementales concernant le fonctionnement biologique (Mikanova et al, 2009) et la protection du sol : réduction de l'érosion éolienne et hydrique (Labreuche et al, 2007), restauration de la porosité des sols (Maillard et al, 1995 ;Roger-Estrade et al, 2011), stockage accru du carbone dans les horizons de surface (Maillard et al, 1994) et réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (Labreuche et al, 2011). Ainsi, c'est un ensemble de préoccupations environnementales et économiques qui amène les agriculteurs à réduire la profondeur de travail du sol et à délaisser de façon plus ou moins totale l'utilisation de la charrue.…”

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Integrated management of the weed flora in low-tillage farming systems

Chauvel¹,

Tschudy²,

Munier‐Jolain³

2011

Cahiers Agricultures

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Gestion intégrée de la flore adventice dans les systèmes de culture sans labour Résumé Les techniques culturales sans labour (TCSL) ont une influence importante sur certaines étapes du cycle de vie des espèces adventices. La concentration des semences dans les horizons de surface tend à favoriser le développement des espèces aptes à germer rapidement (faible dormance) ou à faciliter le développement des espèces vivaces. Si une plus grande dépendance aux herbicides est observée avec la réduction du travail du sol, la mise en oeuvre des principes de la protection intégrée (PI) peut permettre de réduire l'usage de ces molécules tout en assurant une gestion satisfaisante de la flore adventice. La compatibilité entre TCSL et PI est démontrée par les résultats d'une expérimentation de longue durée visant à évaluer des systèmes PI, dont un système en TCSL caractérisé par des travaux du sol superficiels répétés fréquemment pour favoriser la germination des espèces adventices pendant l'interculture. Sur ces parcelles, l'indice de fréquence de traitements herbicides (IFT) a fortement diminué durant les six années de la rotation par rapport au système de référence. Dans le même temps, la densité du stock semencier et de la flore levée en culture est restée maîtrisée. Le vulpin (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) a montré une évolution très fluctuante dans ces systèmes, les densités de plantes augmentant et diminuant très rapidement en fonction des caractéristiques agronomiques des pratiques de l'année. Mots clés : mauvaise herbe ; protection intégrée ; travail du sol.

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Impact of no-tillage agricultural methods on the energy balance and the greenhouse gas balance of cropping systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Limited yield penalties in an early transition to conservation agriculture in cotton-based cropping systems of Benin

Limited yield penalties in an early transition to conservation agriculture in cotton-based cropping systems of Benin

The biochar impact on miscanthus and sunflower growth in marginal lands

Integrated management of the weed flora in low-tillage farming systems

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