Impact of Nonchemical Protection of Broad Bean on Epigeic and Soil Arthropodofauna—Analysis in Field-Realistic Conditions

Abstract

Plant protection methods, even those considered as safe for the environment and consumers, may have unexpected effects on nontarget organisms. The effect of broad bean protection, using Pythium oligandrum, paraffin-coated garlic pulp, and extract from grapefruit seeds and pulp on the abundance of epigeic and soil arthropodofauna in a 3-year field experiment was estimated. The effect was compared with chemical protection, which served as the reference to the conventional system. Use of nonchemical products did not affect the overall abundance of the studied arthropods such as Arachnida (except Acarina), Carabidae, Staphylinidae, and Collembola. These methods, however, may favor Formicidae. In comparison to chemicals (carboxin, mancozeb, deltamethrin, and alpha-cypermethrin), nonchemical preparations seemed to be safer for soil mites—they limited their abundance to a lesser degree. Some individual carabid species showed differing responses to the applied protection methods: Amara aenea occurred only in nonchemically protected areas, Platynus assimilis tends to prefer broad beans protected solely with P. oligandrum, while Anchomenus dorsalis prefer plots protected chemically (seed treatment and 3-time spraying). This may be the effect of the different shading of the soil surface as a result of the influence of protection measures on plant growth. Other explanations may include different vulnerability of species to preparations as well as indirect reaction to the occurrence of other taxa (reduced competition and impairment of food sources) or hormesis.

White Mustard, Sweet Alyssum, and Coriander as Insectary Plants in Agricultural Systems: Impacts on Ecosystem Services and Yield of Crops

“…However, other studies showed that coriander as a companion plant had no significant effect on the number of root nodules produced by broad beans [95]; the fruit fresh weight and proportions of marketable fruit of strawberries [90]; or the total number of fruits, the number of marketable fruits, the total fruit yield, or the marketable yield of tomatoes [102] when compared to monoculture. Intercropping coriander with broad beans resulted in a lower yield of broad beans (708.46 kg/ha).…”

“…Coriander as an intercrop in broad bean affected the feeding of pea leaf weevils, Sitona spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on broad bean [95]. spp.…”

Pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), adult feeding preference and larval development on pulse crop varieties in Montana

“…1,25,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Secondary damage can result from root rot pathogens that can infect insect-damaged tissue. 40,41 In the absence of management intervention, yield loss has been estimated to be as much as 2114 kg per acre. 18 Producers have relied on pesticides to manage PLW, with applications of insecticide to the seed prior to planting and one or two foliar sprays targeting the adults in the spring season.…”

Effect of global climate change on the distribution of Anchomenus dorsalis (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Europe

“…The species is distributed in Albania (Guéorguiev, 2007), Lithuania (Tamutis et al 2011), Estonia (Ploomi et al 2003), Germany (Frеudе et al 2004), the Netherlands (Turin et al 1977), Serbia (Popović and Štrbac 2010) and throughout Ukraine (Kryshtal 1956;Putchkov 2011Putchkov , 2018Brygadyrenko 2015a;Putchkov et al 2020) and Moldova (Karpova and Matalin 1993;Nekuliseanu and Matalin 2000). Kryzhanovskij et al (1995) provided a detailed characteristic of species in the territory of the former Soviet Union: the Urals, the middle stretch of West Siberia, South of West Siberia, the plains of Kazakhstan, the plains of Central Asia, and a part of Transcaucasia, Tian-Shan, mountains of South-East part of Central Asia, the Altais-Sayan Mountains, Transbaikalia, Cisamuria and the Maritime Provinces.…”