Impact of Normal Sexual Dimorphisms on Sex Differences in Structural Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Goldstein, Jill M.; Seidman, Larry J.; O’Brien, Liam M.; Horton, Nicholas J.; Kennedy, David N.; Makris, Nikos; Caviness, Verne S.; Faraone, Stephen V.; Tsuang, Ming T.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.2.154

Cited by 229 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Additionally, samples need to be comprised of both males and females, as there is clear evidence to suggest that the timing, course, and clinical features of schizophrenia are manifested quite differently in males and females, and this may be related to brain differences (Goldstein et al, 2002). It will also be important to evaluate a representative sample of normal controls across age, as white matter changes with age, and such changes may be quite different in pathological populations such as schizophrenia.…”

Section: Implications Conclusion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in schizophrenia

Kubicki

McCarley

Westin

et al. 2007

Journal of Psychiatric Research

691

532

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Both post-mortem and neuroimaging studies have contributed significantly to what we know about the brain and schizophrenia. MRI studies of volumetric reduction in several brain regions in schizophrenia have confirmed early speculations that the brain is disordered in schizophrenia. There is also a growing body of evidence suggesting that a disturbance in connectivity between different brain regions, rather than abnormalities within the separate regions themselves, are responsible for the clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions observed in this disorder. Thus an interest in white matter fiber tracts, subserving anatomical connections between distant, as well as proximal, brain regions, is emerging. This interest coincides with the recent advent of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which makes it possible to evaluate the organization and coherence of white matter fiber tracts. This is an important advance as conventional MRI techniques are insensitive to fiber tract direction and organization, and have not consistently demonstrated white matter abnormalities. DTI may, therefore, provide important new information about neural circuitry, and it is increasingly being used in neuroimaging studies of psychopathological disorders. Of note, in the past five years 18 DTI studies in schizophrenia have been published, most describing white matter abnormalities. Questions still remain, however, regarding what we are measuring that is abnormal in this disease, and how measures obtained using one method correspond to those obtained using other methods? Below we review the basic principles involved in MR-DTI, followed by a review of the different methods used to evaluate diffusion. Finally, we review MR-DTI findings in schizophrenia.

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Section: Implications Conclusion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in schizophrenia

Kubicki

McCarley

Westin

et al. 2007

Journal of Psychiatric Research

691

532

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Estrogens have also been shown to exert profound effects on brain differentiation during development, particularly during late gestation and the early postnatal period, and are important in normal maintenance of brain function during ageing [2][3][4][5]. In a well controlled magnetic resonance imaging study, Goldstein et al [3] showed that normal patterns of sexual brain dimorphism (brain regions found to be structurally different in normal men and women) are disrupted in schizophrenia and related psychoses, especially in the cortex.…”

Section: Basic Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a well controlled magnetic resonance imaging study, Goldstein et al [3] showed that normal patterns of sexual brain dimorphism (brain regions found to be structurally different in normal men and women) are disrupted in schizophrenia and related psychoses, especially in the cortex. Apart from later 'activational' effects of circulating hormones (e.g.…”

Section: Basic Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogens and Gonadal Function in Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses

Riecher-Rössler¹,

Kulkarni

2010

Biological Basis of Sex Differences in Psychopharmacology

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“…Cognitive deficits rather than clinical diagnostic categories may better represent the underlying pathogenesis of schizophrenia (Gur et al, 2007). Several studies have focused on gender differences in the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia and showed gender differences in cognitive domains in both schizophrenia and healthy populations (Goldstein et al, 2002;Halari et al, 2006;Phillips and Silverman, 1997;Ragland et al, 1999;Wisner et al, 2011). Furthermore, gender differences in schizophrenia' cognitive deficits are evident in the prodromal symptoms, acute psychotic episodes, illness course, and clinical response to antipsychotic treatment (Grigoriadis and Seeman, 2002;Hughes et al, 2003;Rubin et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in cognitive function of patients with chronic schizophrenia

Han¹,

Huang²,

Chen³

et al. 2012

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

122

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Schizophrenic patients have cognitive impairments, but gender differences in these cognitive deficits have had limited study. This study assessed cognitive functioning in 471 subjects including 122 male and 78 female schizophrenic patients and 141 male and 130 female healthy controls. We found that immediate memory, language, delayed memory and total RBANS scores were significantly decreased in schizophrenia compared with healthy controls for both genders. Male patients had significant lower immediate memory, delayed memory and total RBANS scores than female patients, and healthy controls showed a similar gender difference. The RBANS showed modest correlations with PANSS scores, duration of illness and antipsychotic dose (chlorpromazine equivalents). Almost all RBANS scores in the schizophrenics and healthy controls showed significant positive correlations with education. Thus, patients of both sexes with schizophrenia experienced more deteriorated performance than healthy controls on cognitive domains of immediate memory, language and delayed memory. Furthermore, male schizophrenic patients had more serious cognitive deficits than female patients in immediate and delayed memory, but not in language, visuospatial and attention indices. AbstractSchizophrenic patients have cognitive impairments, but gender differences in these cognitive deficits have had limited study. This study assessed cognitive functioning in 471 subjects including 172 male and 78 female schizophrenic patients and 141 male and 130 female healthy controls. We found that immediate memory, language, delayed memory and total RBANS scores were significantly decreased in schizophrenia compared with healthy controls for both genders. Male patients had significant lower immediate memory, delayed memory and total RBANS scores than female patients, and healthy controls showed a similar gender difference. The RBANS showed modest correlations with PANSS scores, duration of illness and antipsychotic dose (chlorpromazine equivalents). Almost all RBANS scores in the schizophrenics and healthy controls showed significant positive correlations with education. Thus, patients of both sexes with schizophrenia experienced more deteriorated performance than healthy controls on cognitive domains of immediate memory, language and delayed memory.Furthermore, male schizophrenic patients had more serious cognitive deficits than female patients in immediate and delayed memory, but not in language, visuospatial and attention indices.

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Impact of Normal Sexual Dimorphisms on Sex Differences in Structural Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract: Factors that produce normal sexual dimorphisms may be associated with modulating insults producing schizophrenia, particularly in the cortex.

Cited by 229 publications

References 90 publications

A review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in schizophrenia

A review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in schizophrenia

Estrogens and Gonadal Function in Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses

Gender differences in cognitive function of patients with chronic schizophrenia

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