Impact of NPK fertilization on hazelnut yield and soil chemical-microbiological properties of Hazelnut Orchards in Western Georgia

Abstract

In this study, the effects of ground and foliar applications of the NPK fertilizers in hazelnut orchards on the soil chemical and microbiological properties and hazelnut yield were investigated. The fertilization practicesses from ground were done two times using NPK (20:10:10 +trace elements) on March and May while the fertilization practices from leaf were done three times using NK (15:12 +trace elements) on May, June and July at six different hazelnut orchards located on Samegrelo, Guria and Adjara regions in Western Georgia in 2018. The alkaline characterized fertilizer applications from soil generally increased soil reaction (pH), nutrient contents and EC values in different magnitude depends on the soil characteristics of locations. The lowest soil pH (4,40) and EC (0,107 dS m-1) values showed the highest increment (10,7% and 77,6%, respectively) over the control. The basal soil respiration and Cmic values of all hazelnut orchards were generally increased by the NPK ferilization. Increasing soil pH and EC by the fertilization also increased CA and DHA activity. The mean values of percent increase in yield and yield parameters by the NPK fertilization were obtained as 8,3% in yield, 13,3% in shelled nut weight, 10,0% in kernel weight and 5,1% in percent kernel efficiency. The hazelnut yield value had significant positive correlation with soil pH (0,669*), EC (0,652*) and Cmic (0,620*) values. The foliar fertilization and improving the soil properties of hazelnut orchards by the application of alkaline characteristic NPK fertilizer from soil increased hazelnut yield and yield parameters compare with the farmer applications or control treatments. The increments in soil microbiological properties and nutrients are considered as a desirable result in terms of sustainable soil management and plant nutrition for hazelnut orchards.

Diversity of hazelnut varieties and changes in plant development during introduction in the semi-arid zone

“…However, in this case, as our studies have shown, it is desirable to leverage different characteristics of varieties for the development and generation of yields, which allows for a more flexible strategy (Kizilkaya et al, 2022;Valeriano et al, 2022). The generation of yield depends on many parameters of both the plant itself and its fruit, which has been repeatedly noted above.…”

“…Since 2015, there have been significant shifts in climate resources in the region. The frost-free period has significantly increased, the vegetation of winter crops has become extended, the timing of the spring crops sowing has shifted, the period of adverse droughts has shifted, which rarely coincide with the critical stages in the development of agricultural plants (Banyal et al, 2021;Kizilkaya et al, 2022). In this regard, there was a question on expansion of the range of the crops,which are constantly grown in the region to increase profitability of economic activities in the North of Steppe of Ukraine, and to improve the diet of local population (Nazarenko et al, 2019a(Nazarenko et al, , 2021.…”

“…The implementation of these plans is greatly facilitated through the search for better adapted varietal resources, the use of biodiversity at both the local and global levels, the clarification of mechanisms for the formation of yields and the implementation of genetically determined advantages of a particular variety (Mehlenbacher & Molnar, 2021;Giulia et al, 2022;Kizilkaya et al, 2022). The latter also allows the creation of plantations including several varieties, which significantly mitigates the risks of changes in climatic conditions over the years and, even with the critical, uncharacteristic adverse changes, the fall in crop yields may be not too catastrophic (Orlandi et al, 2019;Raparelli & Lolletti, 2020;Nepal et al, 2022).…”

The effects of ammonium phosphate fertilization on yield and yield components of Mustard varieties in chernozem soil

“…Al-Taey et al (2018) recorded that the application of fertilizers can improve plant growth and increase of N, P and K contents in tissue and their uptake. Gülser et al (2021) and Kızılkaya et al (2022) reported that fertilizers consist of N, P, K increase the uptake and utilization of nutrients by grain crops.…”

Peculiarities of determining the morphogenesis of plants Corylus avellana L. and Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb in vitro culture

“…Domestic research is mainly concerned with the problem of microclonal propagation of hazelnuts (Andrievsky et al 2019;Tarasenko et. al 2020;Kızılkaya et al 2022). A lot of work has been done in European countries regarding the microclonal propagation of hazelnuts and almonds, but in Ukraine, the scientific searches and industrial interest in these crops owing to increased demand for their fruits are developing rapidly.…”