Impact of NVRAM write cache for file system metadata on I/O performance in embedded systems

Doh, In Hwan; Lee, Hyo J.; Moon, Young Je; Kim, Eunsam; Choi, Jongmoo; Lee, Dong-Hee; Noh, Sam H.

doi:10.1145/1529282.1529654

Cited by 15 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…The filesystem metadata footprint is further increased by the need for checksums at the filesystem level to achieve higher data protection [8], an approach already adopted by state-of-the-art filesystems, such as ZFS and BTRFS. Therefore, it is increasingly difficult to rely solely on DRAM for metadata caching and it makes sence to dedicate faster devices for storing filesystem metadata ( [9], [10]). …”

Section: A Admission Control Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azor: Using Two-Level Block Selection to Improve SSD-Based I/O Caches

Klonatos

Makatos

Marazakis

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage

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Abstract-Flash-based solid state drives (SSDs) exhibit potential for solving I/O bottlenecks by offering superior performance over hard disks for several workloads. In this work we design Azor, an SSD-based I/O cache that operates at the block-level and is transparent to existing applications, such as databases. Our design provides various choices for associativity, write policies and cache line size, while maintaining a high degree of I/O concurrency. Our main contribution is that we explore differentiation of HDD blocks according to their expected importance on system performance. We design and analyze a two-level block selection scheme that dynamically differentiates HDD blocks, and selectively places them in the limited space of the SSD cache.We implement Azor in the Linux kernel and evaluate its effectiveness experimentally using a server-type platform and large problem sizes with three I/O intensive workloads: TPC-H, SPECsfs2008, and Hammerora. Our results show that as the cache size increases, Azor enhances I/O performance by up to 14.02×, 1.63×, and 1.55× for each workload respectively. Additionally, our two-level block selection scheme further enhances I/O performance compared to a typical SSD cache by up to 95%, 16%, and 34% for each workload, respectively.

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Section: A Admission Control Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azor: Using Two-Level Block Selection to Improve SSD-Based I/O Caches

Klonatos

Makatos

Marazakis

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage

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AutoBahn: a concurrency control framework for non-volatile file buffer

et al. 2019

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Non-Volatile Memory File Systems: A Survey

et al. 2019

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For decades, computer architectures have treated memory and storage as separate entities. Nowadays, we watch the emergence of new memory technologies that promise to significantly change the landscape of memory systems. Byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies are expected to offer access latency close to that of dynamic random access memory and capacity suited for storage, resulting in storage-class memory. However, they also present some limitations, such as limited endurance and asymmetric read and write latency. Furthermore, adjusting the current hardware and software architectures to embrace these new memories in all their potential is proving to be a challenge in itself. In this paper, recent studies are analyzed to map the state-of-the-art of NVM file systems research. To achieve this goal, over 100 studies related to NVM systems were selected, analyzed, and categorized according to their topics and contributions. From the information extracted from these papers, we derive the main concerns and challenges currently being studied and discussed in the academia and industry, as well as the trends and solutions being proposed to address them.

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Impact of NVRAM write cache for file system metadata on I/O performance in embedded systems

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Azor: Using Two-Level Block Selection to Improve SSD-Based I/O Caches

Azor: Using Two-Level Block Selection to Improve SSD-Based I/O Caches

AutoBahn: a concurrency control framework for non-volatile file buffer

Non-Volatile Memory File Systems: A Survey

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