Impact of obesity on ventilatory function

Abstract

ResumoObjetivo: Embora a obesidade tenha sido associada ao comprometimento grave da ventilação, a maior parte da população estudada constitui-se de adultos com obesidade mórbida. Nosso objetivo foi investigar os efeitos da obesidade leve na função ventilatória de pacientes pediátricos.Métodos: Estudo transversal controlado que analisou 80 pacientes (M/F: 35/45) avaliados em nosso ambulatório, com queixa de sobrepeso, sem histórico de asma ou de outras atopias, comparando-os a um grupo controle com 50 crianças de peso normal controladas para a idade e para o sexo. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 9,7±2,5 anos (7 a 15 anos). AbstractObjective: Although obesity was found to be associated with severe impairment of ventilation, most of the study population has been morbidly obese adults. We aimed to explore the effects of mild obesity on ventilatory function in the pediatric age group. Methods:In a cross-sectional controlled study, 80 patients (M/F: 35/45), who were evaluated in our outpatient clinic with the complaint of excess body weight, with no history of asthma or other atopic diseases were studied and compared to a control group of 50 normal weight children controlled for age and sex. The mean age of patients was 9.7±2.5 years (7 to 15 years). Anthropometric measurements and spirometry were performed in all subjects. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were used as measures of ventilatory function.Results: There were no significant differences in FEV1%, FVC% and FEV1%/FVC% by study group (p > 0.05). Only three patients had obstructive abnormalities documented on their pulmonary function tests (two had moderately severe and one had mild obstructive abnormalities).No correlation was observed between pulmonary function parameters and anthropometric measurements.Conclusion: These data demonstrate that pulmonary function test parameters of the mildly obese children were similar to those of the normal weight children. Anthropometric measurements had no significant effect on spirometric measurements in children as they did on adults.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(2):171-176: Obesity, ventilatory function, spirometry.

Obesity, Nutrition, and Asthma in Children

“…[41][42][43] These observations have led to the hypothesis that obesity-related chest wall restriction and the resultant breathing at low lung volume leads to airway obstruction, reactivity, and an asthma-like phenotype. These physiologic characteristics seen in some obese adults appear less commonly in children, [44][45][46][47][48][49] perhaps due to a reduced duration of obesity in children relative to adults. Obesity's effects on airway mechanics and airway reactivity among asthmatic children require more investigation.…”

Obesidad infantil y su relación con indicadores cardiopulmonares en escolares mexicanos

“…De manera general, diferentes estudios en niños con obesidad no han podido establecer una relación significativa entre el déficit pulmonar y la evaluación antropométrica que indique obesidad (18,23,54), lo que nos hace pensar que probablemente el déficit pulmonar pudiera representar un problema en infantes con obesidad severa (23).…”

“…En México no existen estudios que demuestren la asociación entre obesidad y anormalidades cardiopulmonares en niños; sin embargo, en otros países sí se ha estudiado esta relación aunque algunos investigadores no han encontrado relaciones estadística-mente significativas (18,19,23).…”

“…Sin embargo, tanto Li et al (18) como Boran et al (23) no hallaron una relación entre el déficit pulmonar y medidas antropométricas, concluyendo que un déficit pulmonar es más evidente en problemas de obesidad mayor (IMC > = 34 kg/m Como criterios de inclusión de la muestra fueron considerados candidatos a participar en el estudio todos aquellos niños y niñas carentes de alguna alteración cardiopulmonar diagnosticada y que contaron con la autorización, vía consentimiento informado, por parte de los padres o tutores.…”

Rinitis alérgica y función pulmonar

“…Aunque la asociación entre obesidad y asma es una condición suficientemente estudiada, 8 la influencia del sobrepeso en la función pulmonar merecería ser considerada con mayor detenimiento, 9 particularmente en niños que no presentan una obesidad mórbida. 10 Es deseable que esta iniciativa se profundice por medio de estudios que contemplen el tamaño muestral y los diseños que permitan estimar con precisión la prevalencia de las alteraciones de la función pulmonar en niños con rinitis alérgica y su asociación con la obesidad contemplando las variaciones que sufre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en el período de la vida estudiado. n…”