Impact of ocean warming on net primary production in the northern Indian Ocean: role of aerosols and freshening of surface ocean

Air‐Sea Fluxes of CO2 in the Indian Ocean Between 1985 and 2018: A Synthesis Based on Observation‐Based Surface CO2, Hindcast and Atmospheric Inversion Models

“…The IAV between 2001 and 2018 is lower (−0.005 ± 0.002 PgC yr −1 decade −1 ) than 1985–2000 (−0.001 ± 0.002 PgC yr −1 decade −1 ) by hindcast models suggesting that the source of the CO 2 to the atmosphere from the Arabian Sea is decreasing in the recent decades. This is possible that rapid warming of the western Arabian Sea was reported in recent decades (Roxy et al., 2015; Sridevi et al., 2023) resulting in weak vertical transport of CO 2 , and nutrients resulting in a decrease in primary production (Dunstan et al., 2018; Roxy et al., 2016; Sridevi et al., 2023). A decline in Somali upwelling intensity and decreased evaporation due to the weakening of winds led to the warming of the Indian Ocean was reported in recent decades (D'Mello & Prasanna Kumar, 2018).…”

“…The decrease in the rate of warming due to aerosols was reported in the northern Indian Ocean (Sridevi et al, 2023). The decrease in the primary production in the western Indian Ocean (Dalpadado et al, 2021;Roxy et al, 2016;Sridevi et al, 2023), was reported due to the decline in wind speed and upwelling intensity. The lack of primary productivity trends due to an increase in the deposition of nutrients from the atmosphere was reported (Sarma, Prasad, & Dalabehera, 2021;Sridevi et al, 2023).…”

“…The decrease in the primary production in the western Indian Ocean (Dalpadado et al, 2021;Roxy et al, 2016;Sridevi et al, 2023), was reported due to the decline in wind speed and upwelling intensity. The lack of primary productivity trends due to an increase in the deposition of nutrients from the atmosphere was reported (Sarma, Prasad, & Dalabehera, 2021;Sridevi et al, 2023). Rapid rate of ocean acidification was reported due to the atmospheric deposition of pollutants (Kumari, Sarma, & Dileep Kumar, 2022;Kumari, Sarma, Mahesh, & Sudheer, 2022;Sarma et al, 2015;Sarma, Krishna, et al, 2021).…”

“…Rapid warming of the Indian Ocean (Roxy et al, 2015) is experiencing and began to play an important role in global ocean heat uptake (Li et al, 2018). The decrease in the rate of warming due to aerosols was reported in the northern Indian Ocean (Sridevi et al, 2023). The decrease in the primary production in the western Indian Ocean (Dalpadado et al, 2021;Roxy et al, 2016;Sridevi et al, 2023), was reported due to the decline in wind speed and upwelling intensity.…”

“…The decrease in mixing may also weaken primary production resulting in an increase in CO 2 flux. Recently Sridevi et al (2023) found that net primary production was decreasing only in the southern Arabian Sea (south of 12 o N) whereas the decrease in nutrient inputs through mixing is compensated by increased atmospheric deposition of nutrients. Therefore, the weakening of upwelling intensity decreased the CO 2 source to the atmosphere in the past 4 decades in the Arabian Sea.…”