Impact of oral vancomycin on gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity

Vrieze, Anne; Out, Carolien; Fuentes, Susana; Jonker, Lisanne; Reuling, Isaie J.; Kootte, Ruud S.; Nood, Els van; Holleman, F.; Knaapen, Max; Romijn, Johannes A.; Soeters, Maarten R.; Blaak, Ellen E.; Dallinga‐Thie, Geesje M.; Reijnders, Dorien; Ackermans, Mariëtte T.; Serlie, Mireille J.; Knop, Filip K.; Holst, Jens J.; Ley, Claude van der; Kema, Ido P.; Zoetendal, Erwin G.; Vos, Willem M. de; Hoekstra, J. B. L.; Stroes, Erik S.G.; Groen, Albert K.; Nieuwdorp, Max

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.11.034

Cited by 504 publications

(413 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The results suggest that the gut microbiota play a direct role in the reduction of adiposity observed after bariatric surgery (81) and that the changes were mainly due to weight loss. On the other hand, elimination of colonic microbiota has little or no effect on glucose metabolism in humans (82,83).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Glucose Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the Gut in Glucose Homeostasis

et al. 2016

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The gastrointestinal tract plays a major role in the regulation of postprandial glucose profiles. Gastric emptying is a highly regulated process, which normally ensures a limited and fairly constant delivery of nutrients and glucose to the proximal gut. The subsequent digestion and absorption of nutrients are associated with the release of a set of hormones that feeds back to regulate subsequent gastric emptying and regulates the release of insulin, resulting in downregulation of hepatic glucose production and deposition of glucose in insulin-sensitive tissues. These remarkable mechanisms normally keep postprandial glucose excursions low, regardless of the load of glucose ingested. When the regulation of emptying is perturbed (e.g., pyloroplasty, gastric sleeve or gastric bypass operation), postprandial glycemia may reach high levels, sometimes followed by profound hypoglycemia. This article discusses the underlying mechanisms.

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Section: Gut Microbiota and Glucose Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the Gut in Glucose Homeostasis

et al. 2016

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“…When humans were treated with vancomycin for 1 week (an antibiotic that mainly affects Gram-positive bacteria such as the beneficial Faecalibacterium prausnitzii), the peripheral insulin sensitivity decreased (34). Interestingly, the authors found that vancomycin treatment greatly reduced levels of secondary bile acids and increased the pool of primary bile acids, signifying that bile acids function as signalling molecules.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it has been shown that low-dose penicillin administration to mice from birth enhanced the effects of high-fat diet, that the timing of exposure to antibiotics was critical and that the metabolic effects could be transferred to germ-free mice, proposing a causal role of the gut microbiota (57). Decreased insulin sensivity following 1 week of vancomycin treatment was observed in humans following changes in gut microbiota and bile acids (34), whereas a retrospective study has reported increased adiposity following antibiotic treatment with vancomycin for infectious endocarditis (58). In contrast to these observations, exposure to antibiotics in early life among children of overweight mothers has been associated with a decreased risk of overweight in childhood (52) and studies of ob/ob, high-fat diet-fed and insulin-resistant mice have demonstrated improved glucose tolerance following antibiotic treatment (22,59).…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes and Gut Microbiota: A Word Of Cautionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Allin

Nielsen

Pedersen

2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

201

136

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Perturbations of the composition and function of the gut microbiota have been associated with metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Studies on mice have demonstrated several underlying mechanisms including host signalling through bacterial lipopolysaccharides derived from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial fermentation of dietary fibres to short-chain fatty acids and bacterial modulation of bile acids. On top of this, an increased permeability of the intestinal epithelium may lead to increased absorption of macromolecules from the intestinal content resulting in systemic immune responses, low-grade inflammation and altered signalling pathways influencing lipid and glucose metabolism. While mechanistic studies on mice collectively support a causal role of the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases, the majority of studies in humans are correlative of nature and thus hinder causal inferences. Importantly, several factors known to influence the risk of type 2 diabetes, e.g. diet and age, have also been linked to alterations in the gut microbiota complicating the interpretation of correlative studies. However, based upon the available evidence, it is hypothesised that the gut microbiota may mediate or modulate the influence of lifestyle factors triggering development of type 2 diabetes. Thus, the aim of this review is to critically discuss the potential role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

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“…liver, kidney, and heart) of GF mice (Swann et al, 2011). In addition, Vrieze et al (2014) revealed that oral vancomycin caused a suppression of Firmicutes (mainly Gram-positive bacteria) and an expansion of Proteobacteria (mainly Gram-negative bacteria), resulting in reduced secondary BAs in feces and increased primary BAs in plasma. In sum, intestinal microbiota can affect BA pool size and composition via regulating the biotransformation, biosynthesis, and transportation of BA.…”

Section: Regulation Of Ba Profiles By Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BA metabolic disturbance may lead to a variety of host metabolic diseases and related complications, such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, cirrhosis, and colon cancer (Zollner et al, 2006;Nguyen and Bouscarel, 2008). Vrieze et al (2014) speculated that gut microbes are capable of altering glucose metabolism via altering the BA pool and FGF19 signaling in humans. Based on this hypothesis, a decrease of Firmicutes, fecal BAs, and peripheral insulin sensitivity was observed after administration of oral vancomycin.…”

Section: Role Of Intestinal Microbiota In Host Metabolism Mediated Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-talk between bile acids and intestinal microbiota in host metabolism and health

Nie

Yan

2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

107

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Bile acid (BA) is de novo synthesized exclusively in the liver and has direct or indirect antimicrobial effects. On the other hand, the composition and size of the BA pool can be altered by intestinal microbiota via the biotransformation of primary BAs to secondary BAs, and subsequently regulate the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4). The BA-activated FXR plays important roles in BA synthesis and metabolism, glucose and lipid metabolism, and even hepatic autophagy. BAs can also play a role in the interplays among intestinal microbes. In this review, we mainly discuss the interactions between BAs and intestinal microbiota and their roles in regulating host metabolism, and probably the autophagic signaling pathway.

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Impact of oral vancomycin on gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity

Cited by 504 publications

References 49 publications

Roles of the Gut in Glucose Homeostasis

Roles of the Gut in Glucose Homeostasis

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cross-talk between bile acids and intestinal microbiota in host metabolism and health

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