Inspired
by the Stenocara beetle’s hydrophobic–hydrophilic
surface, we fabricated hexagonally patterned hydrophobic–hydrophilic
surfaces consisting of silicon and gold regions using colloidal lithography
and selective surface functionalization. We investigated surface wettability
for different patterns (hexagonally ordered nanotriangles and nanoholes)
and the influence of surface functionalization (octadecanethiol and
16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid/octadecyltrichlorosilane (MHA/OTS)).
The as-prepared patterned substrates exhibit hydrophilicity, which
transforms to hydrophobicity after surface functionalization. The
MHA/OTS functionalization results in maximum enhancement in the contact
angle (114 ± 0.4°) with the least contact angle hysteresis
(19 ± 2°). Fog harvesting studies show that the patterned
substrate has a higher water collection rate, a factor of 1.32, than
the nonpatterned substrates. A further enhancement in water collection
(almost twice) is observed with selective functionalization. The patterned
(nanohole) and functionalized (MHA/OTS) substrate facilitates rapid
falling of droplets at a frequency of 20 mHz and an average droplet
mass of 15 ± 2 mg/cm2. Furthermore, it yielded a maximum
water collection rate of 1051 ± 132 mg cm–2 h–1. This work provides valuable insights into
the influence of surface wettability and morphology for fog harvesting
applications.