“…In these situations, occasionally, a greater-than-expected uptake/ toxicity is observed in the presence of NOM. For example, such intriguing results for unicellular algae have been reported for Al, Cu, La, Pb, Pt and Zn (Parent et al, 1996;Lamelas et al, 2009;Worms et al, 2015;Hourtané et al, 2022;Barber-Lluch et al, 2023;Price et al, 2023;Zilber et al, 2024). Another potential aspect that has been overlooked is the direct effects of NOM on organisms (Campbell et al, 1997;Glover and Wood, 2005;Bittner et al, 2012) and how these could affect metal transport.…”