Organoclays (OCs),
formed by surface modification of clay minerals
using organic compounds, are typical additives for providing rheology
for oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs). There are different studies
on the effect of OCs on the rheological properties of oil-based systems
under high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, but finding
new OCs as rheology control agents is attractive for drilling fluid
engineers. This work reviews different OCs used in OBDFs, namely,
organo-montmorillonite (OMMT), organo-sepiolite (OSEP), and organo-palygorskite
(OPAL). Furthermore, the structure of OCs in OBDFs, their rheological
properties, and the thermal stability of OCs were investigated. Besides,
the role of fibrous and layered OCs in enhancing the rheological properties
of OBDFs is illustrated. Finally, the synergistic use of different
OCs to enhance the thermal stability and rheological properties of
the OBDFs is presented. The study highlights research gaps and recommendations
for research approaches and potential areas that need further investigation.
The application of OCs in OBDFs is a wide field and has huge potential
to be developed. The use of OCs in OBDFs will promote development
in the oil and gas industry.