Impact of Orthodontic-Induced Facial Morphology Changes on Aesthetic Evaluation: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background The profound influence of orthodontic interventions on facial aesthetics has been a topic of increasing interest. This study delves into the intricate interplay between orthodontic treatments, quantified facial feature alterations, and aesthetic perceptions. Methods A comprehensive cohort of clinical images capturing pre- and post-orthodontic treatment stages was meticulously curated, encompassing a sample size of N = 73. Employing advanced phenotypic grouping techniques, facial landmarks were meticulously identified, providing a nuanced understanding of facial changes. The subsequent aesthetic assessments, executed by a panel of experts, underwent rigorous statistical analyses to unveil the correlations between orthodontic modalities, facial feature transformations, and aesthetic appraisals. Results Notably robust consensus emerged among expert evaluators regarding facial aesthetic judgments, showcasing the highest consistency in lateral views. Intriguingly, orthodontic interventions yielded a substantial elevation in overall aesthetic ratings, with lateral and comprehensive evaluations particularly underscored. Among the subjects subjected to premolar extraction, a significantly more pronounced enhancement in aesthetic outcomes was evident. Distinct facial landmarks, such as pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls, exhibited substantive alterations that demonstrated significant associations with heightened aesthetic evaluations. Moreover, a comprehensive multifactor analysis underscored the sustained significance of pg.sm.hori, positioning it as a pivotal factor influencing aesthetic outcomes within orthodontic practices. Conclusions This exhaustive study provides a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between orthodontic interventions and facial aesthetics, capitalizing on the amalgamation of clinical images and expert judgments. The findings not only underscore the substantial impact of orthodontic treatments, particularly from lateral perspectives, but also emphasize the pivotal role of specific facial landmarks like pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls in achieving augmented aesthetic results. These insights not only enrich the clinical decision-making process but also pave the way for further research endeavors aimed at unraveling the complex tapestry of facial aesthetics within the realm of orthodontics.