Impact of Osseodensification in the Increase of Ridge Thickness and in the Prevention of Buccal Peri-implant Defects: an Animal Randomized Split Mouth Study

Abstract

Backgroud: Implant installation with conventional drilling (i.e. with surgical cutting burs) can create buccal bone defects in areas of limited ridge thickness. Implant installation with osseodensification may aid preventing buccal bone defects in these limit situations. This ex vivo study evaluated the impact of osseodensification in the increase of alveolar ridge thickness and on the prevention of buccal peri-implant defects. Methods: Ten fresh pig mandibles, with limited bone thickness were selected to be used in an experimental randomized split mouth study. Two site-preparation protocols were used: conventional drilling with cutting burs (CTL, n=10) and osseodensification with Densah® burs (OD, n=10). After bone ridge perforation, twenty implants (4.5 x 10 mm) were placed in the prepared sites and the insertion torque was recorded. Clinical and photographic analysis evaluated ridge thickness and the extent (height, width, and area) of bone defects in the buccal and lingual bone walls following implant placement. Three-dimensional measurements were performed using STL files to analyze the increase in buccal ridge thickness following site preparation and implant placement. The height of the buccal bone defect was considered as the primary outcome of this study. Defect width, area and quantity, implant insertion torque, and linear buccal ridge increase after implant site preparation and installation was also assessed. Non-parametric evaluations were carried out with the Mann-Whitney test to verify intergroup differences. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the baseline ridge thickness. OD presented statistically significant higher insertion torque, associated with reduced buccal and lingual bone defect width in comparison to CTL. Conclusions: The increase in buccal ridge thickness after site preparation and implant placement was statistically higher in OD, compared to CTL. Osseodensification increased the ridge thickness through expansion and reduced buccal bone defects after implant installation.