“…In this study, with regard to the audit firm size and the operating cash flow it is expected to have a negative association with a modified audit opinion (Pucheta-Martínez & de Fuentes, 2007;Firth, et al, 2007;Goh, 2009;Farinha & Viana, 2009;Rahmat et al, 2009;Kaplan & Williams, 2013;Tsipouridou & Spathis, 2014;Moalla & Baili 2019). In respect to the audit report lag (AUDLAG), the losses (LOSS), and the statutory external audit fees (EAF) are expected to have a positive relationship, with a modified audit opinion (Francis, 1984;Chen & Church, 1992;Bell et al, 2001;Behn et al, 2001;DeFond et al, 2002;Geiger & Rama, 2003;Pucheta-Martínez & de Fuentes, 2007;Firth et al, 2007;Johl et al, 2007;Basioudis et al, 2008;Farinha & Viana, 2009;Malek & Che Ahmad, 2011;Johl et al, 2012;Kaplan & Williams, 2013;Tsipouridou & Spathis, 2014;Moalla, 2017;Sultanoglu et al2018;Alkilani et al, 2019a;Alkilani et al, 2019b;Moalla and Baili 2019). Therefore, the companies are expected to be received an unmodified audit opinion when the companies have high quality auditors, shorter audit report lag, strong financial health, appropriate net cash flow generated from operating activities, and suitable audit services fee paid by the company to its statutory external auditor on audit engagement.…”