Impact of oxidation-induced ordering on the electrical and mechanical properties of a polythiophene co-processed with bistriflimidic acid

Hultmark, Sandra; Craighero, Mariavittoria; Zokaei, Sepideh; Kim, Donghyun; Järsvall, Emmy; Farooqi, Furqan; Marina, Sara; Kroon, Renee; Muñoz-Martı́n, A.; Zozoulenko, Igor; Müller, Christian

doi:10.1039/d2tc03927c

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…ε break decreased from about 160% to less than 30%. 39,118 Interestingly, doping with F 2 TCNQ retained the ductility to a greater extent for a similar oxidation level of about 6.4%, as evidenced by a similar E = 31 MPa but higher ε break ≈ 60% (Fig. 13).…”

Section: Impact Of Chemical Doping On the Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Impact of doping on the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers

Paleti,

Kim,

Kimpel

et al. 2024

Chem. Soc. Rev.

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Section: Impact Of Chemical Doping On the Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…15 ). 118 Shorter triethylene glycol side chains give rise to a stiffer polymer, p(g 3 2T-T), with E = 76 MPa, which upon doping with 20 mol% F 4 TCNQ increased to 826 MPa. 84 …”

Section: Impact Of Chemical Doping On the Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of doping on the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers

Paleti,

Kim,

Kimpel

et al. 2024

Chem. Soc. Rev.

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“…Interestingly, p(g 6 2T-T) exhibits the weakest absorption intensity, which can be rationalized with its larger side-chain fraction. Additional absorption peaks, located in the nearinfrared (NIR) region at 0.5 eV and around 1.3 eV in case of p(g 3 2T-T) (Figure 3), are observed, which arise due to adventitious oxidation of the backbone by atmospheric oxygen 34 resulting in a weakly doped polymer. 35 The absorption spectra of the three polymers coprocessed with 20 mol % of F 4 TCNQ do not show any significant absorption arising from the neat material (Figures 3 and S3), indicating strong oxidation of the backbones.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the polymer is coprocessed with 20 mol % F 4 TCNQ, the material becomes significantly stiffer, with a Young’s modulus E = 826 ± 141 MPa, but retains a similar ε b = 5 ± 2%. This result aligns with recent studies that highlight molecular doping as an effective tool for tuning not only the electrical but also the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Oligoether Side-Chain Length on the Thermoelectric Properties of a Polar Polythiophene

Craighero,

Guo,

Zokaei

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Conjugated polymers with oligoether side chains make up a promising class of thermoelectric materials. In this work, the impact of the side-chain length on the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of polythiophenes is investigated. Polymers with tri-, tetra-, or hexaethylene glycol side chains are compared, and the shortest length is found to result in thin films with the highest degree of order upon doping with the p-dopant 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ). As a result, a stiff material with an electrical conductivity of up to 830 ± 15 S cm–1 is obtained, resulting in a thermoelectric power factor of about 21 μW m–1 K–2 in the case of as-cast films. Aging at ambient conditions results in an initial decrease in thermoelectric properties but then yields a highly stable performance for at least 3 months, with values of about 200 S cm–1 and 5 μW m–1 K–2. Evidently, identification of the optimal side-chain length is an important criterion for the design of conjugated polymers for organic thermoelectrics.

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“…In the early 1990s, Smith’s group first reported that the elastic modulus E f of P3ATs (P3HT, poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT), and poly(3-dodecylthiophene) (P3DDT)) increased after doping with ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) or iodine (I 2 ). , The impact of doping on the mechanical properties of CPs has not yet received much attention. In recent years, Müller’s group performed much work in this direction. − They investigated the variation in the E f and COS of CPs (including polythiophene with tetraethylene glycol side chains (p(g 4 2T-T), P3HT, and P3DDT) before and after doping. They considered that the E f of CPs tends to decrease upon doping if the neat polymer is stiff, i.e., E f ≫ 100 MPa, likely due to a plasticization-type effect of the dopant in CPs; instead, doping softer polymers with E f < 100 MPa has been found to increase the modulus due to an increase in crystalline order after doping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Different Polymorphs on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of F4TCNQ-Doped Regioregular P3BT Films

Zhu,

He,

Shan

et al. 2024

Macromolecules

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In this work, we prepared poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT) samples with different polymorphs by spin-coating a P3BT solution to form P3BT films and then carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) vapor annealing and thermal annealing these P3BT films. Combining UV−visible (UV−vis) spectroscopy, grazing-incidence wideangle X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we found that both form I and form I′ of P3BT can be doped with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), wherein the higher disorder of butyl side chains and the larger lamella distance of form I made the doping level of form I higher than that of form I′; in addition, form II of P3BT can hardly be doped with F4TCNQ due to the tighter interdigitation of butyl side chains. In accordance with the doping level, the P3BT film with form I can obtain the highest conductivity among the three doped P3BT films with different polymorphs. Intriguingly, doping with F4TCNQ is observed to improve the stretchability and decrease the elastic modulus (E f ) of P3BT films by decreasing the crystallinity and altering the interactions between molecular chains. By doping with the same F4TCNQ solution, the crack onset strain (COS) of doped P3BT film with form I is higher than that of P3BT with form I′. Our work suggests that modulating polymorphs is a new method to prepare doped CP films with simultaneous improvement in both electrical and stretchability performance and may offer a new direction of research on stretchable semiconductors to facilitate future practical applications.

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Impact of oxidation-induced ordering on the electrical and mechanical properties of a polythiophene co-processed with bistriflimidic acid

Abstract: The interplay between the nanostructure of a doped polythiophene with oligoether side chains and its electrical as well as mechanical properties is investigated.

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Impact of doping on the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers

Impact of doping on the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers

Impact of Oligoether Side-Chain Length on the Thermoelectric Properties of a Polar Polythiophene

Influence of Different Polymorphs on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of F4TCNQ-Doped Regioregular P3BT Films

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