Impact of oxytetracycline on anaerobic wastewater treatment and mitigation using enhanced hydrolysis pretreatment

Ozone Micronano-bubble-Enhanced Selective Degradation of Oxytetracycline from Production Wastewater: The Overlooked Singlet Oxygen Oxidation

“…Antibiotics have been widely used for effective disease prevention and the promotion of animal growth. , As one of the largest consumers and producers of antibiotics, China consumes >160 000 t of antibiotics annually, accounting for approximately half of the global antibiotic usage. , Moreover, the country produces >60% of the world’s active pharmaceutical ingredients including fermentative antibiotics . Consequently, a large amount of antibiotic production wastewater with high concentrations of residual antibiotics and chemical oxygen demand (COD) is generated annually from waste mother liquor of extraction and equipment washing wastewater, which is usually treated using biological processes. , However, the high concentrations of residual antibiotics (e.g., oxytetracycline (OTC) concentration in raw OTC production wastewater is approximately 500–1000 mg L –1 ) with strong bacteriostatic effects that suppress or inhibit the microbial activity and cause low COD removal efficiency. , Meanwhile, they have been reported to promote the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes in biological wastewater treatment systems, posing risks to human health via various ways. ,− Therefore, physical-chemical pretreatment to remove the high concentration of antibiotics will be a good option for improving the performance of antibiotic production wastewater treatment.…”

“…6,7 However, the high concentrations of residual antibiotics (e.g., oxytetracycline (OTC) concentration in raw OTC production wastewater is approximately 500−1000 mg L −1 ) with strong bacteriostatic effects that suppress or inhibit the microbial activity and cause low COD removal efficiency. 7,8 Meanwhile, they have been reported to promote the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes in biological wastewater treatment systems, posing risks to human health via various ways. 6,9−11 Therefore, physicalchemical pretreatment to remove the high concentration of antibiotics will be a good option for improving the performance of antibiotic production wastewater treatment.…”

Mitigating Antibiotic Resistance Emissions in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Global Governance and Available Techniques

“…Enhanced hydrolysis demonstrates exceptional efficacy due to its selective destruction of antibiotic functional groups responsible for their potency. Notably, this approach has been successfully implemented in full-scale pharmaceutical wastewater treatment facilities in China (Figure 3) (20)(21)(22)(23)(24). The similar hydrolysis-based method has also been adapted for the treatment of solid waste from fermentative antibiotic production, which offers notable implications for the disposal of antibiotic fermentation residues (13,25).…”

Response of the nitrification sludge to oxytetracycline and operating the nitrifying reactor for oxytetracycline wastewater treatment

“…The majority of antibiotics huge volumes of wastewater is generated during the manufacturing process [1][2][3] . For example, during the production of OTC, fermentation liquor after extraction, waste acid, and alkali liquor from the activation process of ion exchange resin, equipment, ground washing wastewater, and cooling wastewater not contaminated by production raw materials and products [4][5][6] .…”