Impact of particle size and catalyst dispersion on gasification rates measured in a thermogravimetric analysis unit: Case study of carbon black catalyzed by potassium or calcium

Arnold, Ross A.; Motta, Ingrid Lopes; Hill, Josephine M.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119677

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…One possible reason is that excessive SrCO 3 will make its dispersion worse. Due to steric hindrance, the catalyst activity of SrCO 3 may decline sharply 28 . Another possible reason is that the excessive SrCO 3 catalyzes cross‐links into the carbon and forms high‐density bridge bonds, which make the carbon layer brittle, and the degradation of a large amount of incombustible gas caused by APP disrupt the balance of the system and created cracks in the expanded carbon layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of strontium carbonate on a novel intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene system

Chen

Cheng

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The effect of a synergistic flame‐retardant system with epoxy resin microcapsule modified ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) as the primary flame retardant, and strontium carbonate (SrCO3) as the synergistic agent on the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) were studied. The flame‐retardant performance of the prepared PP composite samples was analyzed by vertical combustion test (UL94), limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, cone calorimeter test, infrared chromatography (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other technical means. The results showed that when the addition amount of SrCO3 was 1.5 wt%, the LOI reached 36.1%, and the UL‐94 test reached V‐0. Compared with no SrCO3 added sample, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) dropped from 395 to 378 kW/m2. The SEM data showed that the addition of SrCO3 enabled the flame‐retardant system to form a firmer char layer. The TGA data showed that SrCO3 catalyzes the MAPP reaction to form a cross‐linked structure and forms a bridge bond between the two phosphate groups to promote a stable carbon layer. Compared with no SrCO3 added sample, PP composite's tensile strength was increased from 26.78 to 29.42 MPa. Thus, a suitable amount of SrCO3 had a synergistic effect on the flame retardancy of the PP composite and had improved the system's mechanical properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of strontium carbonate on a novel intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene system

Chen

Cheng

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…In order to reach a high level of dispersion of the catalysts on the carbon support, CoPC (97%, Sigma Aldrich) or cobalt-less PC (98%, Strem Chemicals) was first mixed with carbon black (Vulcan XC72, Cabot Corp.) through ball milling. 42,43 A mixture of 100 mg of CoPC or PC and 1 g of carbon black was milled in 50 mL of DMF (analytical grade, Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 870 rpm with 30 zirconia balls of 5 mm diameter in air for 2 h. 44 The DMF was removed overnight in a vacuum oven at 100 mbar and 100 °C. The resulting dry powder was ball-milled for an additional 1 h at 870 rpm in air.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Carbon Support on the Pyrolysis of Cobalt Phthalocyanine for the Efficient Electroreduction of CO₂

et al. 2022

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Understanding the nature of the reactive sites of CO 2 reduction catalysts is crucial to developing efficient and selective materials to help mitigate the greenhouse effect. In this research, materials based on cobalt phthalocyanine supported by carbon black and pyrolyzed at various temperatures under argon are fabricated and tested for CO 2 electroreduction. The results show that the high reactivity of the catalysts for the electroreduction of CO 2 to CO is maintained for materials prepared at temperatures up to 700 °C, with CO Faradaic efficiencies of >85% and CO current densities consistently at >40 mA cm −2 at −0.86 V vs RHE. The materials annealed up to 900 °C are also remarkably active, with CO Faradaic efficiencies of >40% and CO current densities of >12 mA cm −2 . The combination of X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and X-ray absorption analysis show that the annealed materials exhibit chemical structures drastically different from those of the original CoPC and unsupported pyrolyzed catalyst while highlighting the role of the carbon black support in the formation of active species. These results give crucial insight into the reactive structure of CoPC and open the way for the development of pyrolyzed Co-N 4 macrocycles as a new class of materials efficient for the electroreduction of CO 2 .

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“…On the other hand, carbon gasification is an established process for the production of CO and synthesis gas, where synthesis gas can be obtained with a ratio varying from 1 to 3 [17]. Interestingly, although various types of carbon have made the subject of various kinetic gasification studies [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and reviews [26], the gasification of pyrolytic carbon has seldomly been addressed [17,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Methane Pyrolysis and Solid Carbon Gasification for Electrified CO2-Free Hydrogen and Syngas Production

Perreault,

Boruntea,

Dhawan Yadav

et al. 2023

Energies

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The coupling of methane pyrolysis with the gasification of a solid carbon byproduct provides CO2-free hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas, eliminating the conundrum of carbon utilization. Firstly, the various types of carbon that are known to result during the pyrolysis process and their dependencies on the reaction conditions for catalytic and noncatalytic systems are summarized. The synchronization of the reactions’ kinetics is considered to be of paramount importance for efficient performance. This translates to the necessity of finding suitable reaction conditions, carbon reactivities, and catalysts that might enable control over competing reactions through the manipulation of the reaction rates. As a consequence, the reaction kinetics of methane pyrolysis is then emphasized, followed by the particularities of carbon deposition and the kinetics of carbon gasification. Given the urgency in finding suitable solutions for decarbonizing the energy sector and the limited information on the gasification of pyrolytic carbon, more research is needed and encouraged in this area. In order to provide CO2-free hydrogen production, the reaction heat should also be provided without CO2. Electrification is one of the solutions, provided that low-carbon sources are used to generate the electricity. Power-to-heat, i.e., where electricity is used for heating, represents the first step for the chemical industry.

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Impact of particle size and catalyst dispersion on gasification rates measured in a thermogravimetric analysis unit: Case study of carbon black catalyzed by potassium or calcium

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Synergistic effects of strontium carbonate on a novel intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene system

Synergistic effects of strontium carbonate on a novel intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene system

Influence of Carbon Support on the Pyrolysis of Cobalt Phthalocyanine for the Efficient Electroreduction of CO₂

Combined Methane Pyrolysis and Solid Carbon Gasification for Electrified CO2-Free Hydrogen and Syngas Production

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Impact of particle size and catalyst dispersion on gasification rates measured in a thermogravimetric analysis unit: Case study of carbon black catalyzed by potassium or calcium

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Synergistic effects of strontium carbonate on a novel intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene system

Synergistic effects of strontium carbonate on a novel intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene system

Influence of Carbon Support on the Pyrolysis of Cobalt Phthalocyanine for the Efficient Electroreduction of CO2

Combined Methane Pyrolysis and Solid Carbon Gasification for Electrified CO2-Free Hydrogen and Syngas Production

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Influence of Carbon Support on the Pyrolysis of Cobalt Phthalocyanine for the Efficient Electroreduction of CO₂