Impact of pathogenicity islands in bacterial diagnostics

Oelschlaeger, Tobias A.; Hacker, Jörg

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.apm11211-1214.x

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…10 to 200 kb) which are acquired by horizontal gene transfer. PAIs often possess mobile genetic elements and the genes involved in virulence (3,22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Type III Secretion System in trh -Positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain TH3996 Reveal Genetic Lineage and Diversity of Pathogenic Machinery beyond the Species Level

Okada¹,

et al. 2009

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial pathogen causative of food-borne gastroenteritis. Whole-genome sequencing of V. parahaemolyticus strain RIMD2210633, which exhibits Kanagawa phenomenon (KP), revealed the presence of two sets of the genes for the type III secretion system (T3SS) on chromosomes 1 and 2, T3SS1 and T3SS2, respectively. Although T3SS2 of the RIMD2210633 strain is thought to be involved in human pathogenicity, i.e., enterotoxicity, the genes for T3SS2 have not been found in trh-positive (KP-negative) V. parahaemolyticus strains, which are also pathogenic for humans. In the study described here, the DNA region of approximately 100 kb that surrounds the trh gene of a trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus strain, TH3996, was sequenced and its genetic organization determined. This revealed the presence of the genes for a novel T3SS in this region. Animal experiments using the deletion mutant strains of a gene (vscC2) for the novel T3SS apparatus indicated that the T3SS is essential for the enterotoxicity of the TH3996 strain. PCR analysis showed that all the trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains tested possess the novel T3SS-related genes. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that although the novel T3SS is closely related to T3SS2 of KP-positive V. parahaemolyticus, it belongs to a distinctly different lineage. Furthermore, the two types of T3SS2 lineage are also found among pathogenic Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains. Our findings demonstrate that these two distinct types are distributed not only within a species but also beyond the species level and provide a new insight into the pathogenicity and evolution of Vibrio species.Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative halophilic marine and estuarine bacterium which is an important pathogen causative of food-borne gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea (1). Although most V. parahaemolyticus strains are nonpathogenic for humans, a limited population of these organisms causes human diseases. Almost all clinical V. parahaemolyticus isolates produce the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and/or the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), which are encoded by the tdh and trh genes, respectively (5, 21). The Kanagawa phenomenon (KP), a beta-type hemolysis on a special blood agar (Wagatsuma agar) (28), is known as a good marker of pathogenic strains (5, 21). V. parahaemolyticus strains which exhibit KP possess the two tdh genes tdhA (tdh2) and tdhS (tdh1) but not the trh gene (6,19,21). In contrast, KP-negative clinical V. parahaemolyticus strains possess the trh gene only or both the trh and tdh genes, while the majority of the nonpathogenic strains possess neither tdh nor trh.TDH and TRH, which have several biological activities in common (5,20,30,33), are considered to be the major virulence factors in clinical V. parahaemolyticus strains (5, 30).However, several studies have demonstrated that although the enterotoxicity was reduced in tdh-or trh-deleted mutant strains from that in the parent strains, the enterotoxic activity of these mutant strains partiall...

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“…10 to 200 kb) which are acquired by horizontal gene transfer. PAIs often possess mobile genetic elements and the genes involved in virulence (3,22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Type III Secretion System in trh -Positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain TH3996 Reveal Genetic Lineage and Diversity of Pathogenic Machinery beyond the Species Level

Okada¹,

et al. 2009

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show abstract

“…Obviously, PAIs can be used as markers for diagnostic purposes to help identify a certain bacterial pathogen, subtype it, estimate the pathogenic potential, and in some cases predict its antibiotic resistance. 15 The genomic structure of bacteria, gives them the ability to survive in new environment and respond to environmental stress and also strengthen the pathogenic effect, so small organism with high life threatening danger.…”

Section: Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

MOJPB

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“…Nowadays the emerging of resistant microbes is not due to the accumulation of small mutations within one species (vertical evolution); the horizontal evolution is the driving force for the appearance of new resistance patterns among microbes because of the pathogenicity islands (21,22).…”

Section: Bacterial Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attempts to reduce drug resistance of bacteria and cancer cells

Spengler

2007

Orvosi Hetilap

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Impact of pathogenicity islands in bacterial diagnostics

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Type III Secretion System in trh -Positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain TH3996 Reveal Genetic Lineage and Diversity of Pathogenic Machinery beyond the Species Level

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Type III Secretion System in trh -Positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain TH3996 Reveal Genetic Lineage and Diversity of Pathogenic Machinery beyond the Species Level

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Attempts to reduce drug resistance of bacteria and cancer cells

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