Impact of pesticides used in agriculture and vineyards to surface and groundwater quality (North Spain)

Environmental Risks of Fungicides Used in Horticultural Production Systems

“…Contrary to the study of Gregoire et al, 2010) azoxystrobin was detected at much lower concentrations (average of 0.08 μg/L; Rabiet et al, 2010). Hildebrandt et al (2008) detected metalaxyl in both ground water (8 to 18% of samples; maximum concentration 0.25 to 0.36 μg/L) and surface water (4 to 14% of samples; maximum concentration 0.01 to 0.04 μg/L) in a catchment dominated by horticultural production. Little consideration has been given to assessing spray drift as a source of off-site fungicide movement, although Merli et al (2010) found that despite up to 11 applications of quinoxyfen, very little of this fungicide was detected in sediments of a nearby surface ditch.…”

“…In both studies the readily available fraction of the Cu in sediment/suspended sediment was < 5% and often < 1% of the total Cu (Ribolzi et al, 2002;Fernandez-Calvino et al, 2008). Several recent studies have also studied the movement of synthetic organic fungicides by surface run-off in catchments dominated by viticultural/horticultural production (Hildebrandt et al, 2008;Gregoire et al, 2010;Rabiet et al, 2010). The largest of these studies involved monitoring concentrations of seven fungicides in surface water collected following 58 run-off events (over four years) in a wine-growing catchment in France (Gregoire et al, 2010).…”

“…No concentrations of fungicides have been reported in surface waters of viticultural/horticultural production regions of Australia, although a paucity of studies have been undertaken (Wightwick & Allinson, 2007). However, some studies in Europe have detected Cu and other synthetic organic fungicide compounds in aquatic environments within viticultural/horticultural catchments (Hildebrandt et al, 2008;Gregoire et al, 2010;Komarek et al, 2010;Rabiet et al, 2010). The risk characterisation phase of ERA considers the exposure and effect characterisations to formulate a final decision on the risk(s) posed, or in other words the probability of an adverse effect.…”

Chemometric Strategies for the Extraction and Analysis Optimization of Herbicide Residues in Soil Samples

“…If the value is closer to 0, the axis for the variable is at a right angle to the component axis and does not influence it greatly. Due to its versatility and its easy-to-use multivariate mathematical-statistical procedure, PCA is frequently used in many fields of up-to date research, such as environmental protection studies (Cserháti;2010;Hildebrandt et al, 2008).…”

Evaluation of occurrence of NO3–, Coliform and atrazine in a karst aquifer, Colombo, PR

“…Agrochemical compounds, in the form of fertilizers and pesticides, have been identified in many studies as one of the main contaminant groups of groundwater and surface water (HILDEBRANDT et al, 2008;ANDRADE;STIGTER, 2009;KOMÁREK et al, 2010;KING et al, 2013;MADSEN;SOGAARD, 2014). Many of these compounds, due their physical-chemical properties, can be classified as carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, besides their having bioaccumulation capacities (HERNÁNDEZ et al, 2013).…”