Impact of pH on the Treatment of Artificial Textile Wastewater Containing Azo Dyes Using Pond Systems

Abstract

Two controlled experiments were operated to evaluate the impact of pH on the treatment efficiency of azo dyes within artificial textile wastewater using ponds as a polishing step. The objectives were to assess the (1) inflow water quality; (2) the presence of Lemna minor and the algae Oedogonium spp. on the dye removal and the outflow water quality; and (3) suitability of applying artificial textile wastewater and the impact of this wastewater and the dye on plants. Findings indicate that the shallow ponds planted with L. minor and/or algae treated the dye Basic Red 46 (BR46) significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control ponds without any significant (p > 0.05) impact of pH. The potential of L. minor and algae for removal of BR46 was 31% and 25%, respectively. The removal of BR46 was around 89% for ponds planted with L. minor and algae, 58% for algae ponds and 33% for control ponds. Wetlands with L. minor are successful and economic in the complete degradation of BR46 at concentrations of 10 mg L −1 for any pH value between 6 and 9. The removal of ammonium-nitrogen (NH 4-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3-N) and ortho-phosphate-phosphorus (PO 4-P) was higher in planted than in unplanted ponds. The mean outflow values of chemical oxygen demand, NH 4-N, NO 3-N, suspended solids and total dissolved solids were within the limits for safe discharge. The artificial wastewater constituents after dilution (1 part of artificial wastewater to 24 parts of raw water) were suitable to use within the treatment system containing L. minor. Article Highlights • Planted ponds treat Basic Red 46 significantly better than other dyes and controls. • No significant impact for systems at pH values of 6 and 9 regarding dye removal. • Chemical oxygen demand and suspended/dissolved solids outflows were acceptable. • Ammonium-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen outflows were below discharge thresholds. • Diluted artificial wastewater and the presence dyes inhibited Lemna minor growth.

Carbon dissipation from surgical cotton production wastewater using macroalgae, microalgae, and activated sludge microbes

“…used for wastewater treatment are Ulva sp., Chaetomorpha sp., Oedogonium sp., Chlorophyta sp., Spirogyra sp., and Kelp sp. Macroalgae have also been shown to remove COD and BOD from several wastewaters such as municipal (Amiri and Ahmadi 2020), textile (Yaseen and Scholz 2019), piggery effluent (Nwoba et al 2017), shrimp farm waste (Santhi and Deivasigamani 2017), palm mill oil effluent (Kamyab et al 2015), and sewage (Ashokkumar et al 2019). Macroalgae have been reported to remove heavy metals due to their higher biosorption capacities; metals such as nickel, cadmium, copper, and zinc were removed by significantly synergistic action of macro-and microalgae consortium (Piccinni et al 2019).…”

Decolourization of Crystal Violate and Methylene Blue Wastewater Using Anaerobic Fermented Bio-Waste

“…The pH of all eco-enzyme-treated samples did not undergo significant changes after 5 days, indicating that nitrification and other processes are still going on. Low pH in wastewater after adding EE will influence the decolourization of dye [ 43 ]. As Aris et al (2007) suggested, limestone can be used to recover acidic water to water close to neutral [ 44 ].…”

Effect of additional Fe2+ salt on electrocoagulation process for the degradation of methyl orange dye: An optimization and kinetic study

“…Dye concentration varies extensively in textile wastewater and the treatment efficiency of EC depends on initial pollutant concentration ( Yaseen and Scholz, 2019 ). To investigate the treatment performance for variable dye concentrations, several experiments were conducted for 100, 200 and 300 mg.L −1 MO dye solutions at the optimized pH range (4–5) and at 0.11 mA cm −2 current density.…”

“…Additionally, optimum current densities for 100, 200, and 300 mg.L −1 dye solutions were determined at the optimum pH. In literature, it is mentioned that the dye concentration in textile wastewater ranged from 10 to 500 mg.L −1 ( Yaseen and Scholz, 2019 ). Therefore, the experiments were conducted for higher dye concentrations (100–300 mg.L −1 MO dye).…”

“…Textile industries, one of the significant economic contributors in developing countries like China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, etc., are identified as the largest source of water pollution ( Holkar et al., 2016 ; Lellis et al., 2019 ). It has been reported that 1 kg of textile product generates 100–200 L of wastewater ( Al-Mamun et al., 2021a ) which contains both inorganic and organic substances such as metals, dyes, surfactants and microfibers ( Yaseen and Scholz, 2019 ). Approximately 60–70% of the synthetic dyes used in textile processing units are azo dyes that are used due to the stability and fastness of the fabric ( Benkhaya et al., 2020 ; Fernández-Fernández et al., 2013 ) and 10–15% of these synthetic dyes are lost in the effluent ( Al-Mamun et al., 2019 ).…”