Impact of Physical Mutagens on the Male Gametophyte of the Tea Plant for Its Further Use in Hybridization

Abstract

The migration of the radioisotopes -P 32 and S 35 from the soil to the tea plant (flowers) was studied. It is shown that their accumulation intensity in pollen sacs increases in proportion to the dose and reaches its maximum in the P 32 variant after using a 8.0 MBq / ml dose. The migration intensity was the lowest in the 2.0 MBq / ml variant (0.14-0.223 MBq / 100 mg). It is estimated that P 32 and S 35 have significantly affected the vitality of tea plant pollens through the anomalies of their development. After using 2.0 and 4.0 MBq / ml doses, the vitality of the pollen is reduced in proportion to the dose and the development anomalies increase. Particulalry, the viability of pollen decrease compared to the control group, but the frequency and range of development anomalies increases. These include the slow development of the plant or the acceleration of the development of the primary nucleus, polyspermia, undeveloped pollen tube, etc. The use of processed P 32 and S 35 tea pollens in hybridization significantly increases the frequency of new formations and results in variability in the domination of signs. Among the new formations include the induction of haploids and triploids. UDC Classification: 575,