Impact of physical processes on the seasonal distribution of the fugacity of CO<sub>2</sub> in the western tropical Atlantic

Lefèvre, Nathalie; Urbano, D. F.; Gallois, Francis; Diverrès, Denis

doi:10.1002/2013jc009248

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Current atmospheric CO 2 increase leads to a seawater fCO 2 increase. Different studies in the tropical region reported an increase of seawater fCO 2 slightly lower than the atmospheric CO 2 increase (e.g., Lefèvre et al, ; Park & Wanninkhof, ). Using an annual seawater fCO 2 increase of 1.1 μatm/year (Park & Wanninkhof, ), we use the results of the Mercator model to build a climatology of seawater fCO 2 over the 2006–2014 period, referenced to the year 2010 as in Ibánhez et al ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Basin‐Scale Estimate of the Sea‐Air CO₂ Flux During the 2010 Warm Event in the Tropical North Atlantic

et al. 2019

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Following the anomalous warming event occurring in the tropical North Atlantic in 2010, higher than usual surface fugacity of CO 2 (fCO 2 ) was observed. To evaluate the spatial extent of these anomalies and their drivers, and to quantify the sea-air CO 2 flux at basin scale, the Mercator-Ocean model is used from 2006 to 2014 within the region 0-30°N, 70-15°W. Model outputs are generally in accordance with underway sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and surface fCO 2 recorded by two merchant ships. The anomalous warming of 2010 is well reproduced by the model and is the main driver of fCO 2 anomalies. The first coupled Empirical Orthogonal Function mode, between sea surface temperature and fCO 2 , captures more than 70% of the total variance and is characterized by a basin-scale warming associated to positive fCO 2 anomalies. The corresponding principal components are correlated to the Tropical North Atlantic Index and identify 2010 as the year with the highest positive anomaly over 2006-2014. Exceptions to this general pattern are located near the African coast, where the weakening of the coastal upwelling causes negative inorganic carbon anomalies, and close to the Amazon River plume, where fCO 2 anomalies are primarily associated with sea surface salinity anomalies. Although the fCO 2 anomalies of 2010 appear mostly in spring, they affect the annual CO 2 budget and lead to an increased CO 2 outgassing twice as large (46.2 Tg C per year) as the mean annual flux over the 2006-2014 period (23.3 Tg C per year).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Basin‐Scale Estimate of the Sea‐Air CO₂ Flux During the 2010 Warm Event in the Tropical North Atlantic

et al. 2019

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“…Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that the ACT is characterized by strong seasonal and interannual variability [ Caniaux et al ., ; Hormann et al ., ], and therefore its share to the annual fluxes of N 2 O is also object of some variability. Sustained observations in platforms such as moorings and vessels of opportunity [see e.g., Lefèvre et al ., ] could thus help to disentangle the long‐term trends in the N 2 O distribution and to assess the extent of the annual variability of the emissions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide during the onset of the Atlantic cold tongue

et al. 2017

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The tropical Atlantic exerts a major influence in climate variability through strong air‐sea interactions. Within this region, the eastern side of the equatorial band is characterized by strong seasonality, whereby the most prominent feature is the annual development of the Atlantic cold tongue (ACT). This band of low sea surface temperatures (∼22–23°C) is typically associated with upwelling‐driven enhancement of surface nutrient concentrations and primary production. Based on a detailed investigation of the distribution and sea‐to‐air fluxes of N2O in the eastern equatorial Atlantic (EEA), we show that the onset and seasonal development of the ACT can be clearly observed in surface N2O concentrations, which increase progressively as the cooling in the equatorial region proceeds during spring‐summer. We observed a strong influence of the surface currents of the EEA on the N2O distribution, which allowed identifying “high” and “low” concentration regimes that were, in turn, spatially delimited by the extent of the warm eastward‐flowing North Equatorial Countercurrent and the cold westward‐flowing South Equatorial Current. Estimated sea‐to‐air fluxes of N2O from the ACT (mean 5.18 ± 2.59 μmol m−2 d−1) suggest that in May–July 2011 this cold‐water band doubled the N2O efflux to the atmosphere with respect to the adjacent regions, highlighting its relevance for marine tropical emissions of N2O.

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“…Continental shelf seas form a complex interplay between the land, ocean and atmosphere, hosting a multitude of biogeochemical processes (Walsh, 1991;Liu et al, 2010) and play a key role in the global carbon cycle (Walsh et al, 1981;Muller-Karger et al, 2005;Bauer et al, 2013). Even though marginal seas occupy only 7 % of global oceanic area, they host enhanced biological activity, which accounts for 15 to 30 % of global oceanic primary production (Gattuso et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the northwestern European shelf based on voluntary observing ship and satellite observations

et al. 2015

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Abstract. From January 2011 to December 2013, we constructed a comprehensive pCO2 data set based on voluntary observing ship (VOS) measurements in the western English Channel (WEC). We subsequently estimated surface pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes in northwestern European continental shelf waters using multiple linear regressions (MLRs) from remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), wind speed (WND), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and modeled mixed layer depth (MLD). We developed specific MLRs for the seasonally stratified northern WEC (nWEC) and the permanently well-mixed southern WEC (sWEC) and calculated surface pCO2 with uncertainties of 17 and 16 μatm, respectively. We extrapolated the relationships obtained for the WEC based on the 2011–2013 data set (1) temporally over a decade and (2) spatially in the adjacent Celtic and Irish seas (CS and IS), two regions which exhibit hydrographical and biogeochemical characteristics similar to those of WEC waters. We validated these extrapolations with pCO2 data from the SOCAT and LDEO databases and obtained good agreement between modeled and observed data. On an annual scale, seasonally stratified systems acted as a sink of CO2 from the atmosphere of −0.6 ± 0.3, −0.9 ± 0.3 and −0.5 ± 0.3 mol C m−2 yr−1 in the northern Celtic Sea, southern Celtic sea and nWEC, respectively, whereas permanently well-mixed systems acted as source of CO2 to the atmosphere of 0.2 ± 0.2 and 0.3 ± 0.2 mol C m−2 yr−1 in the sWEC and IS, respectively. Air–sea CO2 fluxes showed important inter-annual variability resulting in significant differences in the intensity and/or direction of annual fluxes. We scaled the mean annual fluxes over these provinces for the last decade and obtained the first annual average uptake of −1.11 ± 0.32 Tg C yr−1 for this part of the northwestern European continental shelf. Our study showed that combining VOS data with satellite observations can be a powerful tool to estimate and extrapolate air–sea CO2 fluxes in sparsely sampled area.

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Impact of physical processes on the seasonal distribution of the fugacity of CO₂ in the western tropical Atlantic

Abstract: The fugacity of CO 2 (fCO 2 ) has been measured underway during three quasi-synoptic cruises in the western tropical Atlantic in

Cited by 27 publications

References 57 publications

Basin‐Scale Estimate of the Sea‐Air CO₂ Flux During the 2010 Warm Event in the Tropical North Atlantic

Basin‐Scale Estimate of the Sea‐Air CO₂ Flux During the 2010 Warm Event in the Tropical North Atlantic

Nitrous oxide during the onset of the Atlantic cold tongue

Dynamics of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the northwestern European shelf based on voluntary observing ship and satellite observations

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Impact of physical processes on the seasonal distribution of the fugacity of CO2 in the western tropical Atlantic

Abstract: The fugacity of CO 2 (fCO 2 ) has been measured underway during three quasi-synoptic cruises in the western tropical Atlantic in

Cited by 27 publications

References 57 publications

Basin‐Scale Estimate of the Sea‐Air CO2 Flux During the 2010 Warm Event in the Tropical North Atlantic

Basin‐Scale Estimate of the Sea‐Air CO2 Flux During the 2010 Warm Event in the Tropical North Atlantic

Nitrous oxide during the onset of the Atlantic cold tongue

Dynamics of air–sea CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes in the northwestern European shelf based on voluntary observing ship and satellite observations

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Resources

About

Impact of physical processes on the seasonal distribution of the fugacity of CO₂ in the western tropical Atlantic

Basin‐Scale Estimate of the Sea‐Air CO₂ Flux During the 2010 Warm Event in the Tropical North Atlantic

Basin‐Scale Estimate of the Sea‐Air CO₂ Flux During the 2010 Warm Event in the Tropical North Atlantic

Dynamics of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the northwestern European shelf based on voluntary observing ship and satellite observations