BackgroundThe effective deposition of pesticide droplets on the target leaf surface is critical for decreasing pesticide application rates. The wettability between the target leaf surface and the pesticide spray liquid should be investigated in depth, with the aim of enhancing the adhesion of pesticides solutions. The wetting and deposition behavior of pesticides on target leaves depends on the properties of the liquid and the physical and chemical properties of the leaves. The physical and chemical properties of leaves vary with the growth stage. This study aims to investigate the wetting behavior of banana leaf surfaces at different stages.ResultsThe microstructures and chemical compositions of banana leaf surfaces at different stages were studied using modern methods. The surface structure of banana leaves exhibited a wide variety of characteristics at different stages, and the chemical composition changed marginally. The surface free energy (SFE) and polar and non‐polar components of banana leaves at different stages were measured by examining the contact angles (CA) of different test solutions on the surface of banana leaves. Previous research has suggested that changes in the CA and SFE correlated with changes in leaf surface wettability. In general, the new upper leaves of banana trees are composed of polar components and exhibit hydrophobicity. The non‐polar components became dominant with leaf growth. The back of the banana leaves was non‐polar at all growth stages, whereas the trend was opposite to that of the front. The critical surface tension of the banana leaf surface at different stages ranged from 7.83 to 24.22 mN · m‐1, thus falling into the low‐energy surface category.ConclusionThe surface roughness and chemical characteristics of banana leaves affected the leaf surface wettability. Differences existed in the free energy and polar and non‐polar components of the leaf surface at different stages. This study provides a favorable reference for the rational control of pesticide spraying parameters and the enhancement of wetting and adhesion of the solution on banana leaf surfaces.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.