Impact of Platinum Loading on Performance and Degradation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes Studied in a Rainbow Stack

Gazdzicki, Pawel; Mitzel, Jens; Dreizler, Andreas; Schulze, Mathias; Friedrich, K. Andreas

doi:10.1002/fuce.201700099

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[11] Nevertheless,ithas to be noted that this phenomenon has yet mainly been investigated in model systems with very low catalyst loadings.H itherto,o nly af ew studies on the loading dependent degradation in MEAs have been conducted. [12] Although in these single cell experiments the contribution of the various degradation mechanisms could not be deconvoluted, enhanced degradation with decreasing Pt loading is confirmed in those studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Platinum Dissolution in Realistic Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers

et al. 2021

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Pt dissolution has already been intensively studied in aqueous model systems and many mechanistic insights have been gained. Nevertheless,t ransfer of new knowledge to realworld fuel cell systems is still as ignificant challenge.T oc lose this gap,w ep resent an ovel in situ method combining ag as diffusion electrode (GDE) half-cell with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). With this setup,P t dissolution in realistic catalyst layers and the transport of dissolved Pt species through Nafion membranes were evaluated directly.W eo bserved that 1) specific Pt dissolution increased significantly with decreasing Pt loading, 2) in comparison to experiments on aqueous model systems with flowc ells,t he measured dissolution in GDE experiments was considerably lower,a nd 3) by adding am embrane onto the catalyst layer,Ptdissolution was reduced even further.All these phenomena are attributed to the varying mass transport conditions of dissolved Pt species,i nfluencing re-deposition and equilibrium potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Platinum Dissolution in Realistic Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers

et al. 2021

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“…Detailed studies allow for the separation between the catalyst layer or gas diffusion layer and between reversible and irreversible degradation phenomena [77][78][79]. As a rule of thumb, several issues are reversible after a shutdown-restart event, or after a period of dynamic operation.…”

Section: Defects and Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of Segmented Cell Technology in Low Temperature Hydrogen Technologies

et al. 2020

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The durability and performance of electrochemical energy converters, such as fuel cells and electrolysers, are not only dependent on the properties and the quality of the used materials. They strongly depend on the operational conditions. Variations in external parameters, such as flow, pressure, temperature and, obviously, load, can lead to significant local changes in current density, even local transients. Segmented cell technology was developed with the purpose to gain insight into the local operational conditions in electrochemical cells during operation. The operando measurement of the local current density and temperature distribution allows effective improvement of operation conditions, mitigation of potentially critical events and assessment of the performance of new materials. The segmented cell, which can replace a regular bipolar plate in the current state of the technology, can be used as a monitoring tool and for targeted developments. This article gives an overview of the development and applications of this technology, such as for water management or fault recognition. Recent advancements towards locally resolved monitoring of humidity and to current distributions in electrolysers are outlined.

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“…In the first prototypes of low-temperature fuel cells, the amount of platinum used was about 28 mg•cm −2 . In the 1990s, the amount of catalyst in the electrode structures was reduced to 0.3 -0.4 mg•cm −2[53]. The catalyst surface plays an important role here, not the quantity, so the basic principle in the design of the catalytic layer is the high fragmentation of the catalyst particles (4 nm and less).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials in Low-Temperatures Fuel Cells—The Latest Reports

Włodarczyk¹

2019

MSA

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Nanotechnology is a field of research with objects up to 100 nm in size. Nanomaterials belong to a wide area in the field of material engineering. These include nanolayers, nanoslabs, nanopores, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanoparticles and quantum dots. Nanostructures are characterized by special properties due to their nanometric dimensions. The natural properties of nanostructures allow their wide application in various industries. The paper presents an overview of the application and significance of nanostructures in fuel cell technology, with particular emphasis on nanocatalysts. The article includes the classification of nanomaterials, new hybrid nanostructures, types of surface modification, division by area of application, with particular emphasis on nanomaterials in the advanced energy system. The design and operation of fuel cells and the role of nanoparticles have been described taking into account existing solutions to reduce generator costs. The high price of low temperature fuel cells depends on the number of nanoparticles used. The article describes the risk associated with using products at the nano scale. Higher concentrations of these extremely active materials can be dangerous and can cause ecological problems and harm natural ecosystems.Problems occur during the storage of hydrogen, because, as a small-molecule gas, it diffuses easily through metals. The most efficient use of hydrogen is possible in fuel cells [1] [2]. In this type of generators, electricity is produced as a result of electrochemical, flameless hydrogen oxidation at the negative electrode and oxygen reduction at the positive electrode. The huge interest in hydrogen fuel cell technology has led to the creation of various types of hydrogen cells taking into account the materials used for electrodes, the type of electrolyte and catalyst, power range, operating temperature, types of reactions occurring on the electrodes, the method of cell utilization.In low-temperature fuel cells, the speed of processes is supported by nanomaterials (platinum, ruthenium, silver and zirconium nanoparticles). Carbon nanomaterials are also used to build fuel cell components: carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes and others [3] [4]. In the first prototypes of low-temperature fuel cells, the amount of platinum used was about 28 mg•cm −2 . In the 1990s, the amount of catalyst in the electrode structures was reduced to 0.3 -0.4 mg•cm −2 .Currently, the fragmentation of the catalyst particles (4 nm and less) is deposited on the expanded surface of the carbon powder with a grain diameter of approx. 40 nm and a specific surface area > 75 m 2 •g −1 . This paper presents an overview of possibilities of using nanomaterials in technologies of hydrogen conversion to electric current and heat. The production of hydrogen on a large scale, where nanomaterials are also used as catalysts and energy carriers, is extremely important from the point of view of the distribution of fuel cells. Currently, also hydrogen storage materials are first of all nanomaterials with the ...

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Impact of Platinum Loading on Performance and Degradation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes Studied in a Rainbow Stack

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

Platinum Dissolution in Realistic Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers

Platinum Dissolution in Realistic Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers

Advancement of Segmented Cell Technology in Low Temperature Hydrogen Technologies

Nanomaterials in Low-Temperatures Fuel Cells—The Latest Reports

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