Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein-Induced U937 Cell Apoptosis

Mycophenolate Mofetil and Rapamycin Induce Apoptosis in the Human Monocytic U937 Cell Line Through Two Different Pathways

“…Experiments were performed in the human monocytic U937 cell line in the presence of native or oxLDL and then subjected to immunosuppressive treatment. Ermak et al [] published that U937 monocytic cells in culture respond to oxLDL by developing apoptosis through activation of the mitochondrial pathway and this was confirmed in our recent publication [Nowak et al, ]. Here, we demonstrate that both MMF and Rapa trigger the monocyte apoptosis, and only Rapa is able to potentiate the apoptosis induced by oxLDL.…”

“…Because the dye accumulates in mitochondria when the membrane potential is intact, DiOC6 fluorescence is an indicator of the relative mitochondrial membrane polarization state. Relative fluorescence intensities from 10,000 cells were measured using a FACScan flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson) [Nowak et al, ; Fournier et al, ].…”

“…Untreated and oxidized‐LDL were dialyzed overnight against isotonic PBS (Phosphate‐buffered saline). The LDL protein concentration was determined using BCA assay (Sigma–Aldrich, Saint Quentin Fallavier, France) and cell treatments were performed with native or HOCl‐oxLDL (250 μg/mL) as previously described [Nowak et al, ].…”

Activating Transcription Factor 6 Mediates Oxidized LDL-Induced Cholesterol Accumulation and Apoptosis in Macrophages by Up-Regulating CHOP Expression

“…Typically, ox-LDL preparations had TBARS of ＞30 μmol/g protein and a relative mobility index on agarose gels of 2.0-2.5 when compared to that of further elucidating the mechanisms of macrophage apoptosis in advanced lesions will be critical for the formation of novel therapeutic approaches to combat atherosclerotic lesion progression 2,5) . Mitochondria play a crucial role in the control of cell death and apoptosis in most cells including macrophages 6,7) . Apart from mitochondria, other cell organelles take part in cell death and its regulation 8) .…”

“…Processed ATF6 translocates to the nucleus and promotes the expression of ER stress-responsive genes, including CHOP, a wellknown transcription factor which mediates ER stressinduced apoptosis 16,17) . Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) has been suggested as a major inducer leading to cholesterol accumulation and apoptosis in macrophages 7,18,19) . We have previously shown that ox-LDL can induce ER stress during the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells 20) ; therefore, we are interested in understanding whether ATF6 is involved in ox-LDLinduced cellular cholesterol accumulation and apoptosis in macrophages.…”