2021
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123000
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Impact of Preprocessing and Harmonization Methods on the Removal of Scanner Effects in Brain MRI Radiomic Features

Abstract: In brain MRI radiomics studies, the non-biological variations introduced by different image acquisition settings, namely scanner effects, affect the reliability and reproducibility of the radiomics results. This paper assesses how the preprocessing methods (including N4 bias field correction and image resampling) and the harmonization methods (either the six intensity normalization methods working on brain MRI images or the ComBat method working on radiomic features) help to remove the scanner effects and impr… Show more

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Cited by 57 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…To obtain robust features, linear interpolation was first adopted to resample the voxel size of the image to an isovolumetric voxel (1 × 1 × 1 mm 3 ) before feature extraction ( 21 ). The Z-score method was used to standardize the image, and image intensity discretization was applied with a fixed bin width of 5 ( 22 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To obtain robust features, linear interpolation was first adopted to resample the voxel size of the image to an isovolumetric voxel (1 × 1 × 1 mm 3 ) before feature extraction ( 21 ). The Z-score method was used to standardize the image, and image intensity discretization was applied with a fixed bin width of 5 ( 22 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The TCGA-GBM and TCGA-LGG datasets used in our paper include patients collected from different institutions with different image scanners or clinical protocols; thus, the nonbiological scanner effects might be introduced. We applied Z-score normalization on the MRI images as a preprocessing step; however, according to the conclusion of our recent study [ 43 ], only applying the intensity normalization might not be enough for radiomics models. Thus, we tested the ComBat method to see whether it helped improve the feature ability of the radiomic models.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As stated previously, the clinical MRI scans have already been preprocessed, including reorientation, co-registration, resampling, and skull-stripping. Li et al [ 43 ] demonstrated that the intensity normalization would help relieve the nonbiological variations at the image level, which were introduced by different MRI scanners or protocols when collecting the images. Thus, we show the image histograms and compare the radiomics model performance before and after applying Z-score intensity normalization in the following section.…”
Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Diffusion and perfusion maps were then co-registered to anatomical images in the BraTS space with ANTs. Intensity normalization was performed for all anatomical images (T1w, CE-T1w, T2w, and FLAIR) using the WhiteStripe (WS) method [ 23 ] implemented in the Python library found at (last accessed on 4 December 2021) [ 24 ]. The normalization was performed on the preprocessed images, i.e., on the images co-registered in the BraTS space.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%