“…The operational decisions of RSCs are an important topic in theory and practice, and have been widely discussed. Most literature on this stream focuses on the pricing and production decisions for new and remanufactured products considering different factors, including collection/sales channel options (Chen et al, 2019;Giri et al, 2017;Liu, Chen, et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2022), remanufacturing modes (Xiong et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2020;Zou et al, 2016), product design for remanufacturing/ disassembly (Wang et al, 2022;Wu, 2012;Zheng et al, 2019), environmental legislation (Liu, Li, et al, 2021;Pazoki & Samarghandi, 2020), and coordination of RSCs (Hosseini-Motlagh et al, 2020;Zhao & Zhu, 2017;Zheng et al, 2021). For example, Giri et al (2017) explore the pricing, production, and collection decisions for new and remanufactured products under different collection channels.…”