Impact of pure fumonisin B₁ on various metabolic parameters and carcass quality of growing-finishing swine — preliminary findings

Abstract

. 1997. Impact of pure fumonisin B 1 on various metabolic parameters and carcass quality of growing-finishing swine -preliminary findings. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 465-470. Mycotoxin fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) is a common contaminant of corn and a causative agent of different animal and human diseases. An experiment was conducted to assess the impact of pure FB 1 on carcass quality of growing-finishing swine. Pigs were fed diets containing 0, 0.11, 0.33 and 1.0 mg FB 1 kg -1 (ppm) until market weight. Although performance characteristics were not different among the respective treatments, an increase in feed consumption variability was observed between weeks 3 and 9 for the 1 ppm FB 1 fed pigs as compared with controls. The same animals showed an increased variability in carcass characteristics, in particular in the fat content of loin and ham. The estimated lean yield tended to decrease with increasing dose, but a high standard deviation abolished treatment differences. An elevated cholesterol value at the end of the experiment for the 1 ppm FB 1 fed pigs suggested a disruption of lipid metabolism. No other significant (P > 0.06) changes were observed. We conclude that a diet containing 1 ppm FB 1 could have a detrimental effect on the carcass quality of a market pig and be a source of a monetary loss to the producer. jusqu'au poids de marché. Quoique les performances zootechniques ne fussent pas significativement différentes selon les divers traitements comparés, on observait un accroissement de la variabilité de la prise d'aliment entre la 3 e et la 9 e semaines chez les porcs recevant la FB 1 à la dose de 1 millionième par rapport aux porcs témoins. Ces porcs manifestaient, en outre, une plus forte variabilité des caractères de carcasse, en particulier la teneur en gras de la longe et du jambon. Le rendement en maigre calculé avait une tendance à varier en sens inverse de la dose de FB 1 , mais l'importance de l'écart-type gommait toutes les différences liées aux traitements. La hausse du niveau de cholestérol observée à la fin de l'expérience chez les porcs recevant FB 1 à la dose de 1 millionième laisse suspecter une perturbation du métabolisme de lipides. Aucune autre modification significative (P > 0,06) n'était observée. Il semble donc qu'une dose de 1 ppm FB 1 pourrait avoir un effet négatif sur la qualité de carcasse des porcs de marché et sur la rentabilité de la production.

Activated carbon does not prevent the toxicity of culture material containing fumonisin B1 when fed to weanling piglets1

“…Motelin et al (1994) reported similar effects on serum enzymes indicative of liver damage and elevated cholesterol when they fed weaned piglets diets with 175 and 101 ppm FB. Rotter et al (1996) and Zomborszky-Kovacs et al (2002) also found increased GOT, but at much lower fumonisin concentrations (10 ppm) than in the present study. Unlike the data of Zomborszky et al (2002), but similar to that of Rotter et al (1996), animals consuming the FB diets had significant decreased ADG and G:F. The addition of the activated carbon was not effective in preventing the decreased performance effects associated with fumonisin consumption.…”

“…Studies on the toxicity of FB in pigs have been done using either purified FB (Haschek et al, 1992;Prelusky et al, 1996;Rotter et al, 1996), cultured material containing FB (Casteel et al, 1993;Colvin et al, 1993;Fazekas et al, 1998;Gumprecht et al, 1998;Smith et al, 1999;Zomborszky et al, 2000;Zomborszky-Kovacs et al, 2002), or with naturally contaminated feeds (Haschek et al, 1992;Motelin et al, 1994). In the present study, consumption of diets containing 30 ppm of FB (from cultured material) decreased ADG and G:F and increased serum activities of the liver enzymes GOT and GGT and cholesterol in postweaned piglets fed for 42 d, but did not significantly affect weights of liver, kidneys, and pancreas.…”

Fumonisin Toxicosis in Swine: An Overview of Porcine Pulmonary Edema and Current Perspectives

“…Decreased feed efficiency may be caused by increased oxygen consumption (10,35). Increased variability of carcass quality was reported with ingestion of FB 1 at 1 ppm (44).…”

“…Although decreased food consumption often is seen with naturally contaminated corn, presumably due to palatability problems (29,30), observations with FB 1 , either as pure compound or in culture material, have been variable; no effect as well as increased and decreased feed consumption and weight gain have been reported (28,(42)(43)(44). Decreased feed efficiency may be caused by increased oxygen consumption (10,35).…”

Dietary Fumonisin and Growth Impairment in Children and Animals: A Review

“…Conversely, health and performance of pigs were also affected at lower fumninsin concentrations in their diet in some studies. Changes in feed consumption and increased variability in carcass characteristics were observed in growing‐finishing swine in the treatment of 1.0 mg pure FB 1 /kg diet (Rotter, Prelusky, Fortin, Miller, & Savard, ). A dose–response study showing how even a very low concentration of fumonisins can affect swine performance reports erratic growth in pigs at the concentration of 0.1 mg purified FB 1 /kg in the diet.…”