Impact of Real World Drive Cycles on PHEV Fuel Efficiency and Cost for Different Powertrain and Battery Characteristics

Moawad, Ayman; Singh, Gurhari; Hagspiel, Simeon; Fellah, M.; Rousseau, Aymeric

doi:10.3390/wevj3010186

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The penetration of PHEVs and BEVs was adapted to the German passenger vehicle market by specifying two EV concepts divided into PHEVs with 4.5 kWh or 12 kWh and BEVs with 15 kWh or 30 kWh usable battery storage (see Table 4-2). The assumptions with regard to the energy use of PEVs imply a reduction in weight as well as in air and rolling resistance compared to today's average vehicles [44][45][46] . The total penetration with PHEVs in 2030 is 12 million or 24% of the total passenger vehicle fleet, accounting for a PEV share of over 80%.…”

Section: Vehicle Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of intermittent renewable power supply using grid-connected vehicles – A 2030 case study for California and Germany

2013

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Martin WietschelIntegration of intermittent renewable power supply using grid-connected vehicles -a 2030 case study for California and Germany AbstractThis paper describes a method to characterize the fluctuating electricity generation of renewable energy sources (RES) in a power system and compares the different parameters for California and Germany. Based on this method describing the fluctuation and residual load, the potential contribution of grid-connected vehicles to balancing generation from renewable energy sources is analyzed for a 2030 scenario using the agent-based simulation model PowerACE. The analysis reveals that integrating fluctuating RES is possible with less effort in California because of a higher correlation between RES generation and the load curve here. In addition, RES capacity factors are higher for California and therefore the ratio of installed capacity to peak load is lower. Germany, on the other hand, faces extreme residual load changes between periods with and without supply from RES. In both power system scenarios, grid-connected vehicles play an important role in reducing residual load fluctuation if smart charging is used. Uncontrolled charging or static time-of-use tariffs do not significantly improve the grid integration of RES.

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Section: Vehicle Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of intermittent renewable power supply using grid-connected vehicles – A 2030 case study for California and Germany

2013

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“…To meet the all-electric range (AER) requirements, the battery is sized to follow specific driving cycle [10].Though standard Environmental Protection agency (EPA) drive cycles based on the Kansas city drive tests were used, a specific Kampala drive cycle was also developed as a means of testing the extent to which the developed concept satisfies the road conditions in Kampala city. To design a drive profile for the envisaged powertrain, a case study route in Kampala was taken.…”

Section: Drive Cycle Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Based Engineering and Realization of the KAYOOLA Electric City Bus Powertrain

Madanda

Musasizi

Asiimwe

et al. 2013

WEVJ

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In the race to decrease the well-to-wheels fuel consumption and improve environmental stewardship, automakers and researchers worldwide have moved to electrify the vehicle powertrain for personal and public transportation. The Center for Research in Transportation Technologies at Makerere University is exploring electric vehicle transportation technology as a plausible solution to traffic issues in Uganda's urban centers and cities. Electric vehicle transportation in Africa's cities is a practical solution due to the fact that most of these cities are on a relatively small area; distances involved are small. This paper presents the technical, operational and functional aspects that were considered in the design of the KAYOOLA Electric City Bus, which has a drive cycle that suits the public transport system in Kampala City in Uganda. Since Battery Electric Vehicles have specific on-board energy, the powertrain for the KAYOOLA electric city bus was designed following the specific road-load requirements of typical city drive cycle from data obtained from actual road measurements in Kampala city. For range extension, Onboard solar charging is incorporated. To accurately predict performance, Autonomie-Modeling and simulation tool kit for light and heavy duty vehicles developed by Argonne National Laboratory was used to model and simulate the entire powertrain, noting effects of the grades, range, speed and drive cycles on the battery SOC and voltage. Design iterations are made to meet performance targets. This approach was employed to reduce time between concept development and prototyping while maximizing efficiency. The results shall inform the integration of key powertrain technologies into the KAYOOLA Electric City Bus.

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“…4 Values in the weight range 800-1400 kg, drag coefficient 0.2 -0.26 and rolling resistance 0.0045 -0.006. For details on the fuel consumption of PEVs see [18], [19] and [20].…”

Section: Scenario 1: -Least Marginal Cost Dispatchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of demand response on the marginal electricity used by plug-in electric vehicles

Dallinger

Wietschel

Santini

2012

WEVJ

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Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) are considered to be a potentially sustainable alternative to conventional vehicles for private transport and a way of balancing intermittent generation from renewable energy sources (RES). Using RES for electric mobility would be superior to all available fossil generation alternatives in terms of emissions and efficient energy conversion. To quantify the marginal energy from RES used, two charging strategies last trip charging and optimized demand-side management (DSM) with dynamic pricing are investigated for a German long-term high RES power mix scenario. The results for both charging cases indicate that the power demand for PEVs will not be met by RES. For last trip charging 1.40% comes from RES. In terms of DSM this share increases to 7.38% but results in higher overall CO 2 emissions because for Germany coal provides the lowest cost fossil power. Hence DSM charging reduces peak load and helps to balance RES generation but is contrary to the original idea of clean transportation because of higher marginal emissions caused by the utilisation of coal.To account for contractual arrangements allowing consumers to directly purchase RES electricity, a second scenario with additional installed RES capacity is analysed. Because of the high RES share of over 50 % a complete usage of the RES is not possible and a small fraction of power must still be provided by dispatchable power plants. For the second scenario, DSM charging also allows for an increased use of RES compared to last trip charging (99 % versus 90% RES). In addition, total marginal CO 2 emissions are lower and DSM helps to balance the ramping of RES. Therefore, it is concluded that for Germany the installation of additional RES and DSM charging would guarantee clean transportation using electric vehicles.

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Impact of Real World Drive Cycles on PHEV Fuel Efficiency and Cost for Different Powertrain and Battery Characteristics

Cited by 47 publications

References 5 publications

Integration of intermittent renewable power supply using grid-connected vehicles – A 2030 case study for California and Germany

Integration of intermittent renewable power supply using grid-connected vehicles – A 2030 case study for California and Germany

Model Based Engineering and Realization of the KAYOOLA Electric City Bus Powertrain

Effect of demand response on the marginal electricity used by plug-in electric vehicles

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