Impact of reduced dietary crude protein levels and phytase enzyme supplementation on growth response, slurry characteristics, and gas emissions of growing pigs

Abstract

Livestock contributes about 14.5% of human induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (Gerber et al., 2013). The GHG emission from pig production is about 13% of global GHG from livestock and this is the second contributor to GHG in the livestock sector (FAO, 2011). Pork meat has been regarded as the most consumed meat out of all other livestock species constituting about 37% of world's consumption (McGlone, 2013). The future growth in the world's population is expected to increase the demand for pork meat, hence increased intensive pig production. Subsequently, the emission of gases such as methane (CH 4), ammonia (NH 3), carbon dioxide (CO 2), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) will increase with negative consequences on the environment as well as pose health risks (Bellarby et al., 2013). Carbon dioxide, CH 4 , and N 2 O are known to contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer resulting in global warming. These gases have varying potentials causing the depletion of the ozone layer (IPCC, 2007) while hydrogen sulfide has been reported to pose negative impact on health of humans (EEA, 2009). Pig diets are reported to often contain more protein than other animal, thereby leading to the release of unutilized protein in resultant manure (Montalvo, Morales, Pineiro, Godbout, & Bigeriego, 2013). Dietary constituents fed to livestock have been reported to influence the nutrient composition of the resultant manure produced (Lukehurst, Frost, & Al Seadi, 2010). Protein

The Effect of Reduced Crude Protein on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Meat Quality in Weaning to Finishing Pigs

“…Diverse nutritional approaches have been suggested to reduce CP content in pig feed [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Several effects of a low-protein (LP) diet can be provided with various advantages: (1) a decrease in nitrogen emission by feces, (2) low energy cost, (3) a reduction in the incidence of post-weaning diarrhea, and (4) alleviation of odor emission at the farm level [ 8 ].…”

Dose de fitase e efeito extra fosfórico em dietas para leitões

“…A eficácia desta prática é baseada em como a composição da dieta afeta a digestibilidade de nutrientes que, por sua vez, influencia indiretamente as características e as emissões de gases dos dejetos (Dinuccio, Berg, & Balsari, 2008). Neste sentido, Lala et al (2020), ao encontrarem efeitos positivos da suplementação de fitase sobre a taxa de conversão alimentar de suínos, sugeriram que a fitase havia melhorado a disponibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta, como a utilização de PB e P, reduzindo os teores de nitrogênio (N) e P nos dejetos e, por consequência, reduzindo também as emissões e os riscos ambientais. Monteiro, Dourmad, & Pozza (2017) também observaram uma redução da excreção de N relacionada à suplementação de fitase em dietas para suínos e, como resultado, menor emissão de óxido nitroso (N₂O).…”