Impact of Renin‐Angiotensin System Blockers on Mortality in Veterans Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Abstract

Background Renin‐angiotensin system blockers (RASBs) have well‐validated benefit in patients with hypertension, coronary artery disease, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Their use in the perioperative period, however, has been controversial, including in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, who often have a strong indication for their use. In the current study, we explore the impact of RASB use with 30‐day and 1‐year mortality after cardiac surgery. Methods and Results The Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program and Corporate Data Warehouse were data sources for this retrospective cohort study. A total of 37 197 veterans undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting and or valve repair or replacement over a 10‐year period met inclusion criteria and were stratified into 4 groups by preoperative exposure (preoperative exposure versus no preoperative exposure) and postoperative continuing exposure (current exposure versus no current exposure) to RASBs. After adjusting for all baseline covariates, the preoperative exposure/current exposure group had lower 30‐day and 1‐year mortality than the preoperative exposure/no current exposure (30‐day hazard ratio [HR], 0.25; 95% CI, 0.19–0.33 [ P <0.001] and 1‐year HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.33–0.48 [ P <0.001] or no preoperative exposure/no current exposure (30‐day HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.32–0.60 [ P <0.001] and 1‐year HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.62–0.84 [ P <0.001] groups. The no preoperative exposure/current exposure group had significantly lower 30‐day (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14–0.71 [ P =0.006]) and 1‐year (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.53–0.77 [ P <0.001]) mortality than the no preoperative exposure/no current exposure group. Conclusions Continuation of preoperative RASBs and initiation before discharge is associated with decreased mortality in veterans undergoing cardiac surgery. Given these findings, continuation of preoperative RASBs or initiation in the early postoperative period should be considered in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Pre-operative maintenance of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is not associated with acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery patients with cardio-pulmonary bypass: a propensity-matched multicentric analysis

“…Finally, it might be interesting to study the rate of long-term ACE inhibitor treatment in cases of temporary withdrawal for cardiac surgery. Indeed, analysis of the data from Antoniak’s study on American veterans shows a lower rate of long-term ACE inhibitor treatment in cases of temporary withdrawal, which could have a negative impact on the prognosis of patients ( Antoniak et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Frontiers in Pharmacology frontiersin.org withdrawal, which could have a negative impact on the prognosis of patients (Antoniak et al, 2021).…”