Impact of repeated four-monthly anthelmintic treatment on Plasmodiuminfection in preschool children: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial

Kirwan, Paul; Jackson, Andrew L.; Asaolu, S. O.; Molloy, Síle F.; Abiona, Titilayo C.; Bruce, Marian C.; Ranford-Cartwright, Lisa; Neill, Sandra M O'; Holland, Celia V.

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-277

Cited by 50 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…59 A deworming trial in Nigeria found a significantly lower rate of increase in malaria prevalence and intensity among children who were treated with albendazole. 60 In Thailand, Ascaris co-infection decreased the risk of cerebral malaria, 61 although a prospective community-based observational study by the same authors found a higher risk of symptomatic malaria among helminth infected individuals. 62 Other studies have found no association between hookworm and malaria, 63,64 demonstrating that interpretation of results is confounded by marked differences in study populations, presence of multiple helminths with varying intensities, and in the study definition of malaria used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hookworm Infection among School Age Children in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Nutritional Risk Factors and Response to Albendazole Treatment

Humphries¹,

Simms²,

Davey³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Children (n = 812) 6-11 years of age attending 16 schools in the Kintampo North Municipality of Ghana were screened for participation in a study on hookworm infection, nutrition, and response to albendazole. The prevalence of Necator americanus hookworm infection (n = 286) was 39.1%, and significant predictors of infection included age, malaria parasitemia, lack of health care, school area, levels of antibodies against hookworm, and low consumption of animal foods. The cure rate after a single dose (400 mg) albendazole was 43%, and the mean fecal egg count reduction rate was 87.3%. Data for an in vitro egg hatch assay showed a trend toward reduced albendazole susceptibility in post-treatment hookworm isolates (P = 0.06). In summary, hookworm infection is prevalent among school age children in the Kintampo North Municipality and animal food intake inversely correlates with infection status. Modest cure rates and fecal egg count reduction rates reinforce the need for further investigation of potential benzimidazole resistance in Ghana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hookworm Infection among School Age Children in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Nutritional Risk Factors and Response to Albendazole Treatment

Humphries¹,

Simms²,

Davey³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…41 A deworming trial in Nigeria showed a significantly reduced rate of increase in malaria prevalence and intensity among children who were treated with albendazole. 42 Two studies in Thailand found that Ascaris coinfection was associated with a decreased risk of cerebral malaria, 43,44 although a prospective study by the same authors found a higher risk. 45 A recent study by Pullan and others 46 reported significant clustering (spatial and household) of hookworm and malaria infections in Uganda as well as evidence of an association between the two in pre-schoolage children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

Humphries

Mosites²,

Otchere³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

110

100

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Abstract.A cross-sectional pilot study of hookworm infection was carried out among 292 subjects from 62 households in Kintampo North, Ghana. The overall prevalence of hookworm infection was 45%, peaking in those 11-20 years old (58.5%). In children, risk factors for hookworm infection included coinfection with malaria and increased serum immunoglobulin G reactivity to hookworm secretory antigens. Risk factors for infection in adults included poor nutritional status, not using a latrine, not wearing shoes, and occupation (farming). Although albendazole therapy was associated with an overall egg reduction rate of 82%, 37 subjects (39%) remained infected. Among those who failed therapy, treatment was not associated with a significant reduction in egg excretion, and nearly one-third had higher counts on repeat examination. These data confirm a high prevalence of low-intensity hookworm infection in central Ghana and its association with poor nutritional status. The high rate of albendazole failure raises concern about emerging resistance.

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“…Worms (helminths) are spread when fecal matter containing eggs from infected individuals is deposited in the local environment. Intense infections lead to lethargy, anemia, and growth stunting (Stephenson et al 1993;Stoltzfus et al 1997;Guyatt et al 2001;Silva et al 2003) and may weaken the immunological response to other infections (Kjetland et al 2006;Kirwan et al 2010). Chronic parasitic infections in childhood may lead to inflammation and elevated cortisol that produce adverse health consequences later in life (Crimmins QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS and Finch 2005), as well as increased maternal morbidity, low birth weight, and miscarriage (Larocque et al 2006;Hotez 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worms at Work: Long-run Impacts of a Child Health Investment

Baird¹,

Hicks²,

Kremer³

et al. 2015

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This study estimates long-run impacts of a child health investment, exploiting community-wide experimental variation in school-based deworming. The program increased labor supply among men and education among women, with accompanying shifts in labor market specialization. Ten years after deworming treatment, men who were eligible as boys stay enrolled for more years of primary school, work 17% more hours each week, spend more time in nonagricultural self-employment, are more likely to hold manufacturing jobs, and miss one fewer meal per week. Women who were in treatment schools as girls are approximately one quarter more likely to have attended secondary school, Smith, John Strauss, Glen Weyl, Alix Zwane; seminar participants at UC Berkeley, USC, Harvard, the J-PAL Africa Conference, the Pacific Conference on Development Economics, UCSF, the Gates Foundation WASH Convening in Berkeley, Yale, University of Oklahoma, Hamilton College, RAND, CGD, the World Bank, Maseno University, the NBER Labor Studies group, BREAD/CEPR Meeting in Paris, American University, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Stanford GSB, Makerere University, the AEA meetings (in San Diego), Notre Dame, University of Washington, Mathematica, the Institute for Fiscal Studies, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the International Health Economics Association conference; and the editor and four anonymous referees for helpful suggestions. We gratefully acknowledge our collaborators (International Child Support and Innovations for Poverty Action), and funding from NIH grants R01-TW05612 and R01-HD044475, NSF grants SES-0418110 and SES-0962614, the World Bank, the Social Science Research Council, and the Berkeley Population Center. Michael Kremer declares that he works with USAID, which supports deworming, and was formerly a board member of Deworm the World, a 501(c)3 organization. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of any of our funders. 1637halving the gender gap. They reallocate time from traditional agriculture into cash crops and nonagricultural self-employment. We estimate a conservative annualized financial internal rate of return to deworming of 32%, and show that mass deworming may generate more in future government revenue than it costs in subsidies. JEL Codes: I10, I20, J24, O15.

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Impact of repeated four-monthly anthelmintic treatment on Plasmodiuminfection in preschool children: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial

Cited by 50 publications

References 30 publications

Hookworm Infection among School Age Children in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Nutritional Risk Factors and Response to Albendazole Treatment

Hookworm Infection among School Age Children in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Nutritional Risk Factors and Response to Albendazole Treatment

Epidemiology of Hookworm Infection in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana: Patterns of Malaria Coinfection, Anemia, and Albendazole Treatment Failure

Worms at Work: Long-run Impacts of a Child Health Investment

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