Impact of reservoir, fracturing fluid and proppant characteristics on proppant crushing and embedment in sandstone formations

Setiapraja, Hari; Krishna, Shankara Narayanan; Gurrala, Laxmi Nandan; Singh, Sanjeev; Ranjan, Nikhil; Vij, Rakesh Kumar; Shah, Subhash

doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2021.104187

Cited by 37 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Under the same particle size and closure pressure, with the increase of sand concentration, the fracture width increases, resulting in higher conductivity than that of low sand concentration. At the same time, it also proves that the proppant with higher roundness and sphericity has lower breakage rate 32,33 .…”

Section: Effect Of Sphericity On Anti-crushing Abilitymentioning

confidence: 63%

Study on automatic determination method of roundness and sphericity of proppant and its influence on fracture conductivity

Wang

Xiong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The performance of fracturing proppant is very important for reservoir hydraulic fracturing design, roundness and sphericity is an important index to evaluate the performance of proppant. The higher the average roundness-sphericity of the proppant, the stronger the anti-crushing ability, and the better the fracture support effect in the formation, the greater the conductivity and the better the reservoir reconstruction effect. The traditional manual visual method is subjective and inefficient; in this paper, a new method of calculating roundness and sphericity by using image processing technology combined with particle corner mean curvature radius-multiple linear regression is proposed. Compared with the traditional manual visual method, the maximum error of the measurement results is only 5%. The samples used in the study of the effect of proppant roundness and sphericity on fracture conductivity were screened by the new method. In the process of simulating the field fracturing construction scheme, it is found that the low roundness and sphericity caused by proppant breakage in the fracture will lead to the decrease of the gap between the particles to hinder the oil and gas flow and reduce the fracture conductivity. The proppant with high roundness and sphericity can effectively reduce the breakage rate of the proppant squeezed by the formation closure pressure in the fracture. At the same time, At the same time, few scholars have studied the relationship between roundness and sphericity on crushing rate and fracture conductivity. The experimental results provide a basis for field fracturing design proppant optimization, maintaining fracture conductivity and increasing production.

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Section: Effect Of Sphericity On Anti-crushing Abilitymentioning

confidence: 63%

Study on automatic determination method of roundness and sphericity of proppant and its influence on fracture conductivity

Wang

Xiong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Good proppant‐carrying capacity of fracturing fluids is required to possess sufficient strength to deliver proppant evenly into the fractures (Hari et al, 2021). If the proppant‐suspending capacity of fracturing fluid is poor, proppants will drop rapidly and cannot be transported into the deep fractures of reservoirs, so it is significant to carry out the proppant‐suspending test (Zhang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology and delayed micellar formation process of novel tetrameric cationic surfactant fracturing fluid

Fang

et al. 2023

J Surfact & Detergents

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To enrich the clean fracturing fluid system with high temperature resistance, a novel tetrameric cationic surfactant (TET) was developed and used as a thickener and mixed with different concentrations of sodium salicylate (NaSal) to obtain a new clean fracturing fluid. The flow curves, thixotropy, viscoelasticity, temperature resistance property, and proppant‐suspending capacity were further investigated. The rheological study showed that the Casson model could be used to accurately describe the flow curve of TET/NaSal micelle solutions and the addition of NaSal improved the thixotropy and viscoelasticity of surfactant solution. The optimal mass ratio of TET/NaSal solution was 5/1.5 wt%, and it had good proppant‐suspending capacity. What is more, the retained viscosity of TET/NaSal (5/1.5 wt%) solution was 52.27 mPa·s after shearing at 140°C and 100.0 s−1 for 65 min, which met industry requirements (viscosity > 20 mPa·s) of viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluids. Moreover, the combination of 10 wt% TET aqueous solution with pH value of 8.51 and 2.6 wt% salicylic acid (HSal) suspension of the same mass significantly delayed micellar formation. The four‐parameter rheo‐kinetics model can be used to fit the viscosity curves of micellar formation, which provided the rheological basis for the study of delayed viscoelastic micellar formation.

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“…In recent years, a series of breakthroughs have been made in the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas worldwide, and the production of unconventional oil and gas is growing rapidly and becoming increasingly prominent in the global energy supply. The application of the hydraulic fracturing technique on horizontal wells has been successfully applied in the unlocking of unconventional reservoirs, and the final hydraulic fracturing effectiveness has a close relationship with the proppant distributions [1][2][3][4]. Due to the fact that horizontal wells are usually drilled along the direction of the minimum horizontal principal stress, multiple transverse fractures can be generally created.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Proppant Transport in Transverse Fractures of Horizontal Wells

Chen,

Xie,

et al. 2024

Processes

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Proppant transport and distribution law in hydraulic fractures has important theoretical and field guidance significance for the optimization design of hydraulic fracturing schemes and accurate production prediction. Many studies aim to understand proppant transportation in complex fracture systems. Few studies, however, have addressed the flow path mechanism between the transverse fracture and horizontal well, which is often neglected in practical design. In this paper, a series of mathematical equations, including the rock elastic deformation equation, fracturing fluid continuity equation, fracturing fluid flow equation, and proppant continuity equation for the proppant transport, were established for the transverse fracture of a horizontal well, while the finite element method was used for the solution. Moreover, the two-dimensional radial flow was considered in the proppant transport modeling. The results show that proppant breakage, embedding, and particle migration are harmful to fracture conductivity. The proppant concentration and fracture wall roughness effect can slow down the proppant settling rate, but at the same time, it can also block the horizontal transportation of the proppant and shorten the effective proppant seam length. Increasing the fracturing fluid viscosity and construction displacement, reducing the proppant density and particle size, and adopting appropriate sanding procedures can all lead to better proppant placement and, thus, better fracturing and remodeling results. This paper can serve as a reference for the future study of proppant design for horizontal wells.

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Impact of reservoir, fracturing fluid and proppant characteristics on proppant crushing and embedment in sandstone formations

Cited by 37 publications

References 74 publications

Study on automatic determination method of roundness and sphericity of proppant and its influence on fracture conductivity

Study on automatic determination method of roundness and sphericity of proppant and its influence on fracture conductivity

Rheology and delayed micellar formation process of novel tetrameric cationic surfactant fracturing fluid

Numerical Simulation of Proppant Transport in Transverse Fractures of Horizontal Wells

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