Impact of retrograde shear rate on brachial and superficial femoral artery flow-mediated dilation in older subjects

Schreuder, Tim H. A.; Green, Daniel; Hopman, Maria T. E.; Thijssen, Dick H. J.

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.017

Cited by 30 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Somewhat in keeping with this explanation, a priori impairment in FMD in our older men may contribute to the absence of an effect of retrograde SR. Indeed, we recently reported that a larger decrease in FMD in response to elevations in retrograde shear was observed in those with higher a priori FMD values 39. We also observed in the present study that a priori FMD values were inversely correlated with the decrease in FMD after 2 weeks in young men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…FMD in older men did not change in response to 30 minutes of increased retrograde SR, a finding that reinforces recent work 39. Furthermore, 2 weeks of increased retrograde SR did not affect FMD in older men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In this manner, this study successfully introduced compression sleeves as a method to manipulate retrograde SR, both acutely and chronically in men in vivo. Although a nonsignificant increase was found in antegrade SR in both young and older men, the main observation was that we (in line with our previous work) successfully manipulated retrograde shear 2, 12, 39. Although we only explored the impact of the sleeve intervention on resting levels of retrograde shear, we are confident that increased levels of retrograde SR were also present during various activities of daily living.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Impact of 2‐Weeks Continuous Increase in Retrograde Shear Stress on Brachial Artery Vasomotor Function in Young and Older Men

Thijssen

Schreuder²,

Newcomer

et al. 2015

JAHA

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BackgroundAlthough acute elevation in retrograde shear rate (SR) impairs endothelial function, no previous study has explored the effect of prolonged elevation of retrograde SR on conduit artery vascular function. We examined the effect of 2‐weeks elevation of retrograde SR on brachial artery endothelial function in young and in older men.Methods and ResultsThirteen healthy young (23±2 years) and 13 older men (61±5 years) were instructed to continuously wear a compression sleeve around the right forearm to chronically (2 weeks) elevate brachial artery retrograde SR in 1 arm. We assessed SR, diameter, and flow‐mediated dilation in both the sleeve and contralateral control arms at baseline and after 30 minutes and 2 weeks of continuous sleeve application. The sleeve intervention increased retrograde SR after 30 minutes and 2 weeks in both young and older men (P=0.03 and 0.001, respectively). In young men, brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation % was lower after 30 minutes and 2 weeks (P=0.004), while resting artery diameter was reduced after 2 weeks (P=0.005). The contralateral arm showed no change in retrograde SR or flow‐mediated dilation % (P=0.32 and 0.26, respectively), but a decrease in diameter (P=0.035). In older men, flow‐mediated dilation % and diameter did not change in either arm (all P>0.05).ConclusionsThirty‐minute elevation in retrograde SR in young men caused impaired endothelial function, while 2‐week exposure to elevated levels of retrograde SR was associated with a comparable decrease in endothelial function. Interestingly, these vascular changes were not present in older men, suggesting age‐related vascular changes to elevation in retrograde SR.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Impact of 2‐Weeks Continuous Increase in Retrograde Shear Stress on Brachial Artery Vasomotor Function in Young and Older Men

Thijssen

Schreuder²,

Newcomer

et al. 2015

JAHA

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“…In young and older humans, our laboratories explored vascular changes in response to increases in brachial artery retrograde shear stress (269,299). We found that 30-minute and 2-week elevation in retrograde shear stress caused a decrease in endothelial function and smaller diameter in young subjects, whilst such adaptations were not observed in older individuals (299).…”

Section: Green Et Al Exercise Hemodynamics and Vascular Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Vascular Adaptation to Exercise in Humans: Role of Hemodynamic Stimuli

Green

Hopman

Padilla

et al. 2017

Physiological Reviews

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On the 400 th anniversary of Harvey's Lumleian lectures, this review focusses on the impact of physical exercise on "hemodynamic" forces associated with the movement of blood through arteries in humans and the functional and structural adaptations that result from repeated episodic exposure to such stimuli. The late 20 th century discovery that endothelial cells modify arterial tone via paracrine transduction, provoked studies exploring the direct mechanical effects of blood flow and pressure on vascular function and adaptation in vivo. In this review, we address the impact of distinct hemodynamic signals that occur in response to exercise, the inter-relationships between these signals, the nature of the adaptive responses that manifest under different physiological conditions and the implications for human health.Exercise modifies blood flow, luminal shear stress, arterial pressure and tangential wall stress, all of which can transduce changes in arterial function, diameter and wall thickness.There are important clinical implications of the adaptation that occurs as a consequence of repeated hemodynamic stimulation associated with exercise training in humans, including impacts on atherosclerotic risk in conduit arteries, the control of blood pressure in resistance vessels, oxygen delivery and diffusion, and microvascular health. Exercise training studies have demonstrated that direct hemodynamic impacts on the health of the artery wall contribute substantially to the well-established decrease in cardiovascular risk attributed to physical activity.

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“…The modulation of arterial blood flow patterns can have profound positive or negative effects on vascular homeostasis and development of atherosclerotic lesions (Malek, ). Indeed, previous studies have revealed that acute reductions in forward (anterograde) blood flow, increases in backward (retrograde) blood flow and/or increases in the ratio of retrograde‐to‐anterograde (oscillatory) blood flow result in significant vascular dysfunction (Padilla, Sheldon, Sitar, & Newcomer, ; Restaino, Holwerda, Credeur, Fadel, & Padilla, ; Schreuder, Green, Hopman, & Thijssen, , b). These alterations in blood flow patterns modulate vascular shear stress, the frictional drag of red blood cells across the vessel wall (Naylor et al., ; Tinken et al., ), causing vascular dysfunction, in part, by increasing vascular superoxide production (McNally et al., ; Sorescu et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic training and vascular protection: Insight from altered blood flow patterns

Garten

Darling

Weggen

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

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New Finding What is the central question of this study?This study sought to determine whether prior upper limb aerobic training can attenuate the vascular dysfunction resulting from negative alteration of blood flow patterns. What is the main finding and its importance?We demonstrated that the microvasculature of young men with prior upper limb aerobic training (rowing) was equally susceptible to negatively altered blood flow patterns when compared with untrained control subjects. This finding reveals that aerobic training does not provide adequate protection against this type of vascular insult, highlighting the importance of reducing known vascular insults regardless of training status. Abstract Acute alteration of blood flow patterns can substantially reduce blood vessel function and, if consistently repeated, may chronically reduce vascular health. Aerobic exercise training is associated with improved vascular health, but it is not well understood whether aerobic training‐induced vascular adaptations provide protection against acute vascular insults. This study sought to determine whether prior upper limb aerobic training can attenuate the vascular dysfunction resulting from an acute vascular insult (increased retrograde/oscillatory shear). Ten young arm‐trained (AT) men (rowers; 22 ± 1 years of age) and 10 untrained (UT) male control subjects (21 ± 3 years of age) were recruited for this study. Subjects completed two brachial artery (BA) flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) tests separated by an acute bout of subdiastolic cuff inflation (SDCI) of the distal forearm. Brachial artery dilatation (normalized for the shear stimulus) and reactive hyperaemia evaluated during the BA FMD test were used to determine conduit artery and microvascular function, respectively. Data were presented as mean values ± SD. The AT group reported significantly greater whole body (peak oxygen uptake; P = 0.01) and forearm aerobic capacity (P < 0.001). The SDCI intervention significantly increased retrograde (P < 0.001) and oscillatory shear (P < 0.001) in both groups. After the SDCI, microvascular function (post‐cuff release hyperaemia), but not conduit artery function (shear‐induced BA dilatation), was significantly reduced from pre‐SDCI values (P = 0.001) independent of group. This study revealed that young men with prior upper limb aerobic training, when compared with untrained control subjects, were equally susceptible to the microvascular dysfunction associated with an acute increase in retrograde/oscillatory shear.

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Impact of retrograde shear rate on brachial and superficial femoral artery flow-mediated dilation in older subjects

Cited by 30 publications

References 45 publications

Impact of 2‐Weeks Continuous Increase in Retrograde Shear Stress on Brachial Artery Vasomotor Function in Young and Older Men

Impact of 2‐Weeks Continuous Increase in Retrograde Shear Stress on Brachial Artery Vasomotor Function in Young and Older Men

Vascular Adaptation to Exercise in Humans: Role of Hemodynamic Stimuli

Aerobic training and vascular protection: Insight from altered blood flow patterns

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