Impact of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus and all-cause gastroenteritis in peri-urban Kenyan children

Wandera, Ernest Apondi; Shah, Mitul; Bundi, Martin; Komoto, Satoshi; Nyangao, James; Kathiiko, Cyrus; Odoyo, Erick; Miringu, Gabriel; Taniguchi, Koki; Ichinose, Yuki

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.096

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Previously in Kenya, similar results of temporal fluctuations in RVA genotypes were reported in the pre-vaccine period ( Nyangao et al, 2010 , Nokes et al, 2010 ). Comparatively, fluctuations in the G–P genotype distribution were observed year by year before and after vaccine introduction in Kenya ( Wandera et al, 2017a , Wandera et al, 2017b ). Given that the fluctuations emerged in both the pre- and post-vaccine periods, the genotypic changes cannot be directly linked to the effects of the vaccine per se.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, we found some diversity of rotavirus strains including four different G genotypes and three different P genotypes, previously identified. Although strain G1P[8] still predominated after vaccine introduction, it was at a reduced prevalence compared to the pre-vaccine period ( Wandera et al, 2017a ). Worth noting, an upsurge in the strains fully and partially heterotypic to the vaccine strain, i.e., G9P[8] (20.4%), G2P[4] (12.2%), G3[P4] (6.1%), and G2P[6] (4.1%), was observed relative to the pre-vaccine period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2016, RVA caused 128 500 deaths in children under 5 years of age globally ( Fujii et al, 2019 ), of which 104 733 deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa ( Damanka et al, 2019 ). The majority of these deaths occur in low-income countries, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa, due to a lack of timely and appropriate treatment for dehydration ( Wandera et al, 2017a ). In Kenya, prior to the introduction of rotavirus vaccine, RVA caused more than 3908 infant deaths, 3015 outpatient visits, and 279 hospitalizations per 100 000 children <5 years of age annually, with an annual cost to the healthcare system of US$ 10.8 million ( Wandera et al, 2017a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-vaccine rotavirus genotype distribution in Nairobi County, Kenya

Gikonyo

Mbatia

Okanya

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Highlights This article reports post-vaccine rotavirus G and P genotypes in Nairobi County. G1P[8] dominance has decreased following the introduction of Rotarix. There has been an increased prevalence of G2 genotypes following Rotarix introduction. There has been a change in genetic diversity of rotavirus strains in Nairobi, Kenya.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-vaccine rotavirus genotype distribution in Nairobi County, Kenya

Gikonyo

Mbatia

Okanya

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…The Bangladesh studies were carried out before the year 2000, and it may be that hospital usage patterns have changed since then, with children presenting for admission less severely ill than previously. The lower post-discharge mortality in our cohort could be a reflection of the global decline in child mortality, associated with reduction in malaria transmission, introduction of Hib ( Haemophilus influenzae type B) and pneumococcal vaccines, and the changing landscape of diarrheal disease since the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine [26, 27]. The rotavirus vaccine was incorporated into the Kenyan national immunization program in July 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality after inpatient treatment for diarrhea in children: a cohort study

Talbert

Ngari

Bauni

et al. 2019

BMC Med

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BackgroundThere is an increasing recognition that children remain at elevated risk of death following discharge from health facilities in resource-poor settings. Diarrhea has previously been highlighted as a risk factor for post-discharge mortality.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted to estimate the incidence and demographic, clinical, and biochemical features associated with inpatient and 1-year post-discharge mortality amongst children aged 2–59 months admitted with diarrhea from 2007 to 2015 at Kilifi County Hospital and who were residents of Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS). Log-binomial regression was used to identify risk factors for inpatient mortality. Time at risk was from the date of discharge to the date of death, out-migration, or 365 days later. Post-discharge mortality rate was computed per 1000 child-years of observation, and Cox proportion regression used to identify risk factors for mortality.ResultsTwo thousand six hundred twenty-six child KHDSS residents were admitted with diarrhea, median age 13 (IQR 8–21) months, of which 415 (16%) were severely malnourished and 130 (5.0%) had a positive HIV test. One hundred twenty-one (4.6%) died in the hospital, and of 2505 children discharged alive, 49 (2.1%) died after discharge: 21.4 (95% CI 16.1–28.3) deaths per 1000 child-years. Admission with signs of both diarrhea and severe pneumonia or severe pneumonia alone had a higher risk of both inpatient and post-discharge mortality than admission for diarrhea alone. There was no significant difference in inpatient and post-discharge mortality between children admitted with diarrhea alone and those with other diagnoses excluding severe pneumonia. HIV, low mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and bacteremia were associated with both inpatient and post-discharge mortality. Signs of circulatory impairment, sepsis, and abnormal electrolytes were associated with inpatient but not post-discharge mortality. Prior admission and lower chest wall indrawing were associated with post-discharge mortality but not inpatient mortality. Age, stuntedness, and persistent or bloody diarrhea were not associated with mortality before or after discharge.ConclusionsOur results accentuate the need for research to improve the uptake and outcomes of services for malnutrition and HIV as well as to elucidate causal pathways and test interventions to mitigate these risks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12916-019-1258-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Çalışmamızda da cinsiyet farklılığı olmadığı gözlemlenmiş-tir (p>0.05). Literatüre bakıldığında, yurt dışında yapılan çalışmalarda da, rotavirus aşılamasıyla birlikte diare ve rotavirus spesifik hospitalizasyon yapılan vakalarda dramatik bir düşüş olduğu bildirilmektedir (23,27) . Çalışmamızda gastroenterit etkenleri en sık olarak 2-4 yaş arasında görülmektedir.…”

Section: Bulgularunclassified

Adenovirus, Norovirus and Rotavirus in Etiology of Children with Acute Gastroenteritis Applying to Istanbul American Hospital

Kayıran¹,

Gürsoy²,

Palaoğlu³

et al. 2017

Ankem Derg

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ÖZET Anahtar sözcükler: adenovirus, akut gastroenterit, norovirus, rotavirus SUMMARY Adenovirus, Norovirus and Rotavirus in Etiology of Children with Acute Gastroenteritis Applying to Istanbul American HospitalThe most common etiologic agents of gastroenteritis in children are rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus. In the light of the opinion of etiological changes in the frequency of etiology after rotavirus vaccination, cases with viral gastroenteritis in our region and country in our hospital were evaluated. The analyses of the fresh stool of the study group (474 patients) revealed rotavirus in 17 (3.6 %), adenovirus in 18 (3.8 %) and, norovirus in 27 (5.7 %)

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Impact of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus and all-cause gastroenteritis in peri-urban Kenyan children

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Post-vaccine rotavirus genotype distribution in Nairobi County, Kenya

Post-vaccine rotavirus genotype distribution in Nairobi County, Kenya

Mortality after inpatient treatment for diarrhea in children: a cohort study

Adenovirus, Norovirus and Rotavirus in Etiology of Children with Acute Gastroenteritis Applying to Istanbul American Hospital

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