Impact of route choice and period of the day on cyclists' exposure to black carbon in London, Rotterdam and São Paulo

Brand, Veronika S.; Kumar, Prashant; Damascena, Aline Santos; Pritchard, John P.; Geurs, Karst; Andrade, María de Fátima

doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.03.007

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Contrary to this, a second study group adopts a more comprehensive approach to cyclists' exposure and attaches a particular importance to the identification of factors contributing to significant decrease or increase of levels of exposure (Apparicio et al, 2016;Brand et al, 2019;Gelb & Apparicio, 2019, 2020Krecl et al, 2019;Pattinson et al, 2017;Qiu, Wang, Zheng, & Lv, 2019).…”

Section: Detailed Analysis Of Six Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temporal factors group together variables describing the time of day (Apparicio et al, 2016;Brand et al, 2019;Dons et al, 2013), the day of the week (Gelb & Apparicio, 2019;Hofman, Samson, Joosen, Blust, & Lenaerts, 2018), or the season (Liu et al, 2019). In fact, atmospheric and noise pollution are closely related to the flow of activities and the weather variations that follow specific temporal patterns.…”

Section: Temporal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclists’ exposure to atmospheric and noise pollution: a systematic literature review

Gelb

2021

Transport Reviews

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Cyclists constitute a population particularly exposed to atmospheric and noise pollution in urban environments; at the same time, they contribute to its reduction. For about ten years now, more and more studies have been completed to assess cyclists' exposure, comparing this mode of transportation with others, quantifying its impacts in term of individual and collective health, understanding cyclists' perceptions regarding their exposure, etc. Though some literature reviews have examined some of these specific issues, none have yet proposed a general overview of this field of study. Therefore, this mapping literature review fills this gap by jointly analysing 205 articles and identifying elements of consensus and disagreement, as well as existing gaps. Among others, our results indicate that the cities in the South and exposure to noise are under-studied and that cyclists' ventilation is still too rarely accounted for, regardless of the type of studies. Modelling studies regarding exposure are too heterogeneous methodologically to allow a generalisation of their results. Conversely, intermodal comparison studies clearly indicate overexposure for cyclists compared to other modes. Also, health studies conclude that, either individually or collectively, the benefits of cycling surpass the costs of exposure to atmospheric pollution. The knowledge produced by this research trend remains difficult to exploit by urban planners, but the recent work done seems to offer more practical perspectives to professionals.

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Section: Detailed Analysis Of Six Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclists’ exposure to atmospheric and noise pollution: a systematic literature review

Gelb

2021

Transport Reviews

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“… Cycling on busy streets resulted in BC exposures 1.0–1.4 μg/m 3 higher than quiet streets. – Cycling route Brand et al [ 108 ] 2019 London, UK Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and São Paulo, Brazil – Researchers cycled six routes (3 sets of origin-destination pairs) in each city 8–14 times. Alternative route consistently had lower BC concentrations in London.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several other recent studies reported on the effect of route on TRAP exposure only, with most focused on cyclists. These studies consistently found routes with less vehicle traffic were associated with lower BC concentrations, with less consistent evidence of reductions in UFP or PM 2.5 [104][105][106][107][108][109][110]. A study in Fort Collins, Colorado, a city with relatively low levels of air pollution, also found that by selecting an alternative route drivers significantly reduced cumulative exposures to BC and carbon monoxide by 15%, but PM 2.5 exposures were unchanged [110].…”

Section: Travel Modes and Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual- and Household-Level Interventions to Reduce Air Pollution Exposures and Health Risks: a Review of the Recent Literature

Allen

Barn

2020

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Purpose of Review We reviewed recent peer-reviewed literature on three categories of individual- and household-level interventions against air pollution: air purifiers, facemasks, and behavior change. Recent Findings High-efficiency particulate air/arresting (HEPA) filter air purifier use over days to weeks can substantially reduce fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations indoors and improve subclinical cardiopulmonary health. Modeling studies suggest that the population-level benefits of HEPA filter air purification would often exceed costs. Well-fitting N95 and equivalent respirators can reduce PM2.5 exposure, with several randomized crossover studies also reporting improvements in subclinical cardiovascular health. The health benefits of other types of face coverings have not been tested and their effectiveness in reducing exposure is highly variable, depends largely on fit, and is unrelated to cost. Behavior modifications may reduce exposure, but there has been little research on health impacts. Summary There is now substantial evidence that HEPA filter air purifiers reduce indoor PM2.5 concentrations and improve subclinical health indicators. As a result, their use is being recommended by a growing number of government and public health organizations. Several studies have also reported subclinical cardiovascular health benefits from well-fitting respirators, while evidence of health benefits from other types of facemasks and behavior changes remains very limited. In situations when emissions cannot be controlled at the source, such as during forest fires, individual- or household-level interventions may be the primary option. In most cases, however, such interventions should be supplemental to emission reduction efforts that benefit entire communities.

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“…Their system involved collecting traffic information from participating drivers with which the system could estimate on-road traffic conditions. There have been works that have studied PM2.5 exposure [18] among cyclists [19] and pedestrians and discussed about how natural and built environment [20] effects the PM2.5 exposure. In contrast to the above-mentioned works which focus on energy aware routing or understanding the exposure level based on transport mode, the hereby presented work focuses on recommending a health-optimal route based on overall PM2.5 concentration.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAR: The Clean Air Routing Algorithm for Path Navigation With Minimal PM2.5 Exposure on the Move

Mahajan

Tang

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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Transport related pollution is becoming a major issue as it adversely affects human health and one way to lower the personal exposure to air pollutants is to choose a health-optimal route to the destination. Current navigation systems include options for the quickest paths (distance, traffic) and least expensive paths (fuel costs, tolls). In this paper, we come up with the CAR (Clean Air Routing) algorithm and use it to build a health-optimal route recommendation system between the origin and the destination. We combine the open source PM2.5 (Fine Particulate Matter with diameter less than 2.5 micrometers) concentration data for Taiwan, with the road network graph obtained through OpenStreetMaps. In addition, spatio-temporal interpolation of PM2.5 is performed to get PM2.5 concentration for the road network intersections. Our algorithm introduces a weight function that assesses how much PM2.5 the user is exposed to at each intersection of the road network and uses it to navigate through intersections with the lowest PM2.5 exposures. The algorithm can help people reduce their overall PM2.5 exposure by offering a healthier alternative route which may be slightly longer than the shortest path in some cases. We evaluate our algorithm for different travel modes, including driving, cycling and walking. An analysis is done for more than 4,000 real-world travel scenarios. The results show that our approach can lead to an average exposure reduction of 17.1% with an average distance increase of 2.4%. INDEX TERMS Routing, smart navigation, urban computing, air quality.

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Impact of route choice and period of the day on cyclists' exposure to black carbon in London, Rotterdam and São Paulo

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

Cyclists’ exposure to atmospheric and noise pollution: a systematic literature review

Cyclists’ exposure to atmospheric and noise pollution: a systematic literature review

Individual- and Household-Level Interventions to Reduce Air Pollution Exposures and Health Risks: a Review of the Recent Literature

CAR: The Clean Air Routing Algorithm for Path Navigation With Minimal PM2.5 Exposure on the Move

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