Impact of Rurality, Broiler Operations, and Community Socioeconomic Factors on the Risk of Campylobacteriosis in Maryland

Abstract

The combined impact of community-level environmental and socioeconomic factors on the risk of campylobacteriosis were evaluated.Campylobacter case data (2002-2010, n=3,694) In zip codes that were 100% rural, incidence rates of campylobacteriosis were 6 times (IRR=6.18; 95%CI=3.19-11.97) that of urban zip codes. In zip codes with broiler chicken operations, incidence rates were 1.45 times that of zip codes without broilers (IRR=1.45, 95%CI=1.34-1.58). Higher rates were also observed for zip codes that were predominantly white and had high median incomes. For my daughters, whose cheerful patience and boundless appreciation have shown me the wisdom that endurance can reveal.Fall down seven times, stand up eight.iii

Presence of animal feeding operations and community socioeconomic factors impact salmonellosis incidence rates: An ecological analysis using data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2004–2010

“…In addition to the FoodNet data, we obtained socioeconomic and environmental data from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing (United States Census Bureau, 2010) and the 2011 American Community Survey (United States Census Bureau, 2011) (5-year estimates) by 5-digit zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) as previously described (Zappe Pasturel et al, 2013). Animal feeding operation data were obtained from the 2007 U.S. Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA, 2015).…”

Temporal patterns of Campylobacter contamination on chicken and their relationship to campylobacteriosis cases in the United States

“…In the United States, this pathogen is estimated to be responsible for more than 1.3 million human illnesses annually, which is more than any other bacterial foodborne pathogen . Humans are exposed to this pathogen through the consumption of contaminated meat, milk and produce as well as other food vehicles (Painter et al, 2013), pets (Deming et al, 1987;Friedman et al, 2004) and the environment (Jakopanec et al, 2008;Strachan et al, 2013;Zappe-Pasturel et al, 2013). Consumption of contaminated poultry products has been implicated in a substantial proportion of cases of campylobacteriosis (Muellner et al, 2009;Painter et al, 2013;Pires et al, 2010;Ravel et al, 2009).…”

Association between community socioeconomic factors, animal feeding operations, and campylobacteriosis incidence rates: Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2004–2010

“…We obtained socioeconomic data from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing and the 2011 American Community Survey (5-year estimates) by 5-digit zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) (9). We selected socioeconomic variables on the basis of recommendations from studies conducted by Zappe Pasturel et al [ 11 ] and Krieger et al [ 17 ]. We obtained animal feeding operation data from the 2007 U.S. Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service [ 18 ].…”

“…Beyond food-related risk factors, multiple analyses show that community socioeconomic and environmental risk factors, such as living in areas with higher median household incomes or living in close contact with livestock, influence the risk of campylobacterosis [ 7 , 10 , 11 ]. Campylobacter can enter the environment through direct fecal contamination of water bodies, manure application on agricultural land, and runoff [ 12 , 13 ].…”

“…A recent Maryland-based study evaluated the association between community socioeconomic and environmental risk factors and rates of campylobacteriosis and found that several factors, including degree of rurality and the presence of broiler chicken operations, were associated with campylobacteriosis rates [ 11 ]. However, campylobacteriosis rates differ by geographic region, and therefore, it is unknown whether Maryland-based findings can be extrapolated to other states [ 16 ].…”