2017
DOI: 10.1002/2016wr019849
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Impact of saturation on dispersion and mixing in porous media: Photobleaching pulse injection experiments and shear‐enhanced mixing model

Abstract: The dynamics of solute dispersion and mixing in unsaturated flows is analyzed from photobleaching experiments in two‐dimensional porous micromodels. This technique allows producing pulse line (delta‐Dirac) injections of a conservative tracer by bleaching a finite volume of fluorescent without disturbing the flow field. The temporal evolution of the concentration field and the spatial distribution of the air and water phases can be monitored at pore scale. We study the dispersion and mixing of a line of tracer … Show more

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Cited by 78 publications
(138 citation statements)
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“…Although optical techniques have been successful in evaluating single‐phase flow fields and transport in 3‐D transparent synthetic porous media (Holzner et al, ), there is still no direct estimate of the transport properties in two‐phase flows in the same porous media, although direct estimation of the transport properties in unsaturated fluid flow in 2‐D micromodels has been reported (Jiménez‐Martinez et al, ; Karadimitriou et al, , ). Two‐phase flow properties depend on the percolation threshold of the pore space, and due to the significant differences between the percolation thresholds, capillary pressure, and relative permeabilities of 2‐D and 3‐D media, it is important to investigate such phenomena in the latter.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Although optical techniques have been successful in evaluating single‐phase flow fields and transport in 3‐D transparent synthetic porous media (Holzner et al, ), there is still no direct estimate of the transport properties in two‐phase flows in the same porous media, although direct estimation of the transport properties in unsaturated fluid flow in 2‐D micromodels has been reported (Jiménez‐Martinez et al, ; Karadimitriou et al, , ). Two‐phase flow properties depend on the percolation threshold of the pore space, and due to the significant differences between the percolation thresholds, capillary pressure, and relative permeabilities of 2‐D and 3‐D media, it is important to investigate such phenomena in the latter.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unlike the flowing region that is controlled mostly by advection, the stagnant regions do not contribute to flow and, hence, the effective permeability and the relative permeabilities. Thus, transport in the stagnant regions is predominantly diffusion controlled (Jiménez‐Martinez et al, ; Karadimitriou et al, , ). The two regions are also referred to as mobile and immobile regions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Water flow and solute transport through unsaturated soil control the movement and distribution of pollutants in the vadose zone [1] and the contamination of groundwater resources [2,3]. Current important applications include the design of sustainable unconventional irrigation processes [4,5], understanding the transport of colloids [6] and viruses [7,8] through the unsaturated zone, and characterizing the role of pore-scale processes on mixing and dispersion in two-phase [9,10] and three-phase [11] fluid systems. Key mechanisms that determine the distribution of water and solutes in soil include heterogeneity [12], structure and layering [13][14][15], the presence of macropores and their connectivity [16], the presence of vegetation and crops [17], and the particular protocols and water compositions used for irrigation in water-scarce arid and semiarid regions [4,18].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%