Impact of seawater Mg2+/Ca2+ on Mg/Ca of asterozoan skeleton – Evidence from culturing and the fossil record

Kołbuk, Dorota; Dúbois, Philippe; Stolarski, Jarosław; Gorzelak, Przemysław

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120557

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…skeletal growth rate) may interfere in the calcification process, especially on a local scale (Amsler et al, 2010; Borremans et al, 2009; Duquette, Vohra, et al, 2018; Figuerola et al, 2015; Krzeminska et al, 2016; Kołbuk et al 2019; Krzemińska et al, 2022; Lebrato et al, 2016; Lowenstam & Weiner, 1989; Loxton, Kuklinski, Barnes, et al, 2014; Ries, 2010). For instance, variability in seawater Mg/Ca ratios (Lebrato et al, 2020) is known to affect the skeletal Mg-calcite and mineralogy of a range of species (Ries, 2010; Kołbuk et al 2021). Among biological processes, “vital effects” may distort or mask any signal of environmental effects on mineralogy (Weiner & Dove, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature as a likely driver shaping global patterns in mineralogical composition in bryozoans: Implications for marine calcifiers under Global Change

Figuerola

Griffiths

Krzemińska

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Southern Ocean is showing one of the most rapid responses to human-induced global change, thus acting as a sentinel of the effects on marine species and ecosystems. Ocean warming and acidification are already impacting benthic species with carbonate skeletons, but the magnitude of these changes to species and ecosystems remains largely unknown. Here we provide the largest carbonate mineralogical dataset to date for Southern Ocean bryozoans, which are diverse, abundant and important as carbonate producers, thus making them excellent for monitoring the effects of ocean warming and acidification. To improve our understanding of how bryozoans might respond to ocean warming and acidification, we assess latitudinal and seafloor temperature patterns of skeletal mineralogy using bryozoan species occurrences together with temperature data for the first time. Our findings, combining new mineralogical data with published data from warmer regions, show that the proportions of high-Mg calcite and bimineralic species increase significantly towards lower latitudes and with decreasing seawater temperature. These patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that seawater temperature is likely a significant driver of variations in bryozoan mineralogy at a global scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature as a likely driver shaping global patterns in mineralogical composition in bryozoans: Implications for marine calcifiers under Global Change

Figuerola

Griffiths

Krzemińska

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The high-Mg content of the skeletons of Haplocrinites is somewhat surprising because it has been argued that the skeletal Mg/Ca ratio of echinoderms is strongly influenced by the ocean Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ ratio [42,43]. For instance, some experiments have demonstrated that under low-ambient Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ sw ratio, extant echinoderms produce a skeleton with decreased Mg/Ca ratio [44][45][46][47]. Consistently, according to some authors [42,43], well-preserved fossil echinoderms preserve a record of changes in seawater Mg 2+ / Ca 2+ ratio in the Phanerozoic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Devonian crinoid with a diamond microlattice

et al. 2023

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Owing to their remarkable physical properties, cellular structures, such as triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), have multidisciplinary and multifunctional applications. Although these structures are observed in nature, examples of TPMS with large length scales in living organisms are exceedingly rare. Recently, microstructure reminiscent of the diamond-type TPMS was documented in the skeleton of the modern knobby starfish Protoreaster nodosus . Here we report a similar microlattice in a 385 Myr old crinoid Haplocrinites , which pushes back the origins of this highly ordered microstructure in echinoderms into the Devonian. Despite the low Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ ratio of the ‘calcite’ Devonian sea, the skeleton of these crinoids has high-Mg content, which indicates strong biological control over biomineralogy. We suggest that such an optimization of trabecular arrangement additionally enriched in magnesium, which enhances the mechanical properties, might have evolved in these crinoids in response to increased predation pressure during the Middle Palaeozoic Marine Revolution. This discovery illustrates the remarkable ability of echinoderms, through the process of evolutionary optimization, to form a lightweight, stiff and damage-tolerant skeleton, which serves as an inspiration for biomimetic materials.

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“…To increase the length of the rays new ossicles form at the tips throughout the lifespan of a starfish. In addition, as the starfish age, the ossicles already present in their skeleton also increase in size by adding new layers of stereom on the outside [34]. Consequently, the ray of a mature starfish is a kind of "archive" for ossicles of different ontogenetic stages.…”

Section: Growth and Remodeling Of Ossiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ultrastructure of the starfish skeleton is correlated with mechanical stress

Raman,

Labisch,

Dirks

2024

Preprint

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Echinoderms and vertebrates both possess mesodermal endoskeletons. In vertebrates, the response to mechanical loads and the capacity to remodel the ultrastructure of the skeletal system are fundamental attributes of their endoskeleton. To determine whether these characteristics are also inherent in Echinoderms, we conducted a comprehensive biomechanical and morphological study on the endoskeleton ofAsterias rubens, a representative model organism for Echinoderm skeletons. Our analysis involved high-resolution X-ray CT scans of entire individual ossicles, covering the full stereom distribution along with the attached muscles. Leveraging this data, we conducted finite element analysis to explore the correlation between mechanical loads acting on an ossicle and its corresponding stereom structure. To understand the effects of localized stress concentration, we examined stereom regions subjected to high mechanical stress and compared them to areas with lower mechanical stress. Additionally, by comparing the stereom structures of ossicles in various developmental stages, we assessed the general remodeling capacity of these ossicles. Our findings suggest that the ability to adapt to mechanical loads is a common feature of mesoderm endoskeletons within the Deuterostomia taxonomic group. However, the material remodelling may be a specific trait unique to vertebrate endoskeletons.

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Impact of seawater Mg2+/Ca2+ on Mg/Ca of asterozoan skeleton – Evidence from culturing and the fossil record

Cited by 10 publications

References 58 publications

Temperature as a likely driver shaping global patterns in mineralogical composition in bryozoans: Implications for marine calcifiers under Global Change

Temperature as a likely driver shaping global patterns in mineralogical composition in bryozoans: Implications for marine calcifiers under Global Change

A Devonian crinoid with a diamond microlattice

The ultrastructure of the starfish skeleton is correlated with mechanical stress

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