Impact of Segmented Magnetization on the Flagellar Propulsion of Sperm‐Templated Microrobots

Magdanz, Veronika; Vivaldi, Jacopo; Mohanty, Sumit; Klingner, Anke; Vendittelli, Marilena; Simmchen, Juliane; Misra, Sarthak; Khalil, Islam S. M.

doi:10.1002/advs.202004037

Cited by 37 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In this research, magnetic IONPs were electrostatically attached to a cellular template so that the resultant microrobot could then be manipulated using a magnetic field. The researchers envisage that this technology may be used to activate motility in non-motile spermatozoa ( Khalil et al, 2020 ; Magdanz et al, 2020 , 2021 ), and be useful for the guided delivery of exogenous DNA or chemotherapeutics ( Ebrahimi et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Nanomaterials as an Emerging Technology in Reproductive Health; a Focus on the Male

et al. 2021

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A growing body of research has confirmed that nanoparticle (NP) systems can enhance delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents as well as prevent potentially damaging systemic exposure to these agents by modifying the kinetics of their release. With a wide choice of NP materials possessing different properties and surface modification options with unique targeting agents, bespoke nanosystems have been developed for applications varying from cancer therapeutics and genetic modification to cell imaging. Although there remain many challenges for the clinical application of nanoparticles, including toxicity within the reproductive system, some of these may be overcome with the recent development of biodegradable nanoparticles that offer increased biocompatibility. In recognition of this potential, this review seeks to present recent NP research with a focus on the exciting possibilities posed by the application of biocompatible nanomaterials within the fields of male reproductive medicine, health, and research.

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Nanomaterials as an Emerging Technology in Reproductive Health; a Focus on the Male

et al. 2021

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“…Nature has engineered machinery to overcome the challenge of motion at small scales by providing tools and mechanisms such as rotating chiral appendages or beating oars. For instance, certain bacteria propel by rotating a bundle of helical flagella [ 14 , 29 , 30 ]. Sperm cells swim by swinging their tail to move through the highly viscous seminal fluid [ 15 , 29 , 31 ].…”

Section: Propulsion Of Micro- and Nanoscale Robotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, certain bacteria propel by rotating a bundle of helical flagella [ 14 , 29 , 30 ]. Sperm cells swim by swinging their tail to move through the highly viscous seminal fluid [ 15 , 29 , 31 ]. Other mechanisms for motion at small scales exploit friction on surfaces.…”

Section: Propulsion Of Micro- and Nanoscale Robotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we will briefly discuss some few recent achievements in the field, which we consider unprecedented in terms of their fabrication approach. For example, Magdanz et al [ 29 ] have lately reported on the fabrication of sperm-template microrobots and the impact of the segmented magnetization on their propulsion. Electrostatic self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles on nonmotile sperm cells was used to fabricate the hybrid microswimmers [ 31 ].…”

Section: Propulsion Of Micro- and Nanoscale Robotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Powering and Fabrication of Small-Scale Robotics Systems

Wendel‐Garcia

Belce²,

Chen

et al. 2021

Curr Robot Rep

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Purpose of Review The increasing number of contributions in the field of small-scale robotics is significantly associated with the progress in material science and process engineering during the last half century. With the objective of integrating the most optimal materials for the propulsion of these motile micro- and nanosystems, several manufacturing strategies have been adopted or specifically developed. This brief review covers some recent advances in materials and fabrication of small-scale robots with a focus on the materials serving as components for their motion and actuation. Recent Findings Integration of a wealth of materials is now possible in several micro- and nanorobotic designs owing to the advances in micro- and nanofabrication and chemical synthesis. Regarding light-driven swimmers, novel photocatalytic materials and deformable liquid crystal elastomers have been recently reported. Acoustic swimmers are also gaining attention, with several prominent examples of acoustic bubble-based 3D swimmers being recently reported. Magnetic micro- and nanorobots are increasingly investigated for their prospective use in biomedical applications. The adoption of different materials and novel fabrication strategies based on 3D printing, template-assisted electrodeposition, or electrospinning is briefly discussed. Summary A brief review on fabrication and powering of small-scale robotics is presented. First, a concise introduction to the world of small-scale robotics and their propulsion by means of magnetic fields, ultrasound, and light is provided. Recent examples of materials and fabrication methodologies for the realization of these devices follow thereafter.

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“…Particularly, the early observations on how microorganisms like bacteria swim in their challenging environments influenced microrobotic design and actuation principles for decades [22], [23]. Besides mimicking organisms, the concept of using body parts or even an entire microorganism in conjunction with artificial microsystems led to a class of bio-hybrid microrobots [35], [48], [49]. Currently, state-of-the-art in microrobotics research capitalizes on various biomimetic ideas to design and synthesize micro-components that could be remotely actuated with methods listed in previous paragraphs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, fabrication and actuation of magneto-acoustic microrobots: een deel magnetisch, een ander deel akoestisch, allebei fantastisch

Mohanty

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Bridging the fictional world of "Fantastic Voyage" to modern-day clinical applications, microrobots extend the outreach of minimally-invasive surgeries. Recent micromanipulation strategies have led to a plethora of microrobotic designs that remotely harvest energy from external sources. Such remote actuation empowers microrobots to perform various tasks in hardto-reach environments such as biological vasculatures, microfluidic channels and cell cultures. Besides, these microrobots have the potential to replace large-scale mechanical instruments and make clinical procedures less invasive. However, there are considerable challenges in the synthesis and actuation of microrobots in order to be deployed for the aforementioned applications. Unlike macro-scale robots, microrobots cannot be easily tethered and powered with external peripheral electronics. Hence, microrobots derive energy from indirect physical forces (e.g., magnetism, acoustics, optics) or chemical reactions (e.g., peroxide decomposition, photocatalysis of noble metals, glucose oxidation) in order to move autonomously. The prevalence of existing clinical technologies like magnetic resonance and medical ultrasound imaging complement magnetics and acoustics, respectively, as indirect physical means of contactless manipulation.Among the two means of indirect actuation, magnetic actuation is the most popular approach employed to power microrobots. Inspired from the swimming mechanics of microorganisms (e.g., Escherichia coli, Spermatozoa, Spirulina platensis) countless designs of magnetically-powered microrobots have been reported over the past decade. Despite this popularity, it becomes challenging to design and fabricate different components of microrobots at micro-and nano-scale that move in response to magnetic forces. Moreover, various forms of magnetic actuation require heavy, bulky and power-consuming permanent or electromagnets as hardware. These hardware requirements often impose thermal constraints due to energy dissipation, or electrical bandwidth constraints which may limit speed of the applied actuation. In order to overcome these limitations, acoustic manipulation strategies are investigated as alternative means for contactless actuation of microrobots. Particularly, the versatile nature of acoustic manipulation strategies benefits diverse scenarios that range from i microfluidic-and levitation-based systems, to bubble-powered microrobots. Furthermore, acoustic microrobots can also collaborate with the traditional magnetic actuation and give rise to a hybrid magneto-acoustic micromanipulation strategy. This doctoral thesis describes a mix of magnetically-and acoustically-powered microrobots, and their respective actuation strategies. The chapters presented in this thesis embark the reader on a journey starting with the long-established magnetic microrobots, pass through different pit stops of acoustic microrobotic systems, and finally end where magnetic and acoustic microrobots join forces. This doctoral thesis is divided into four parts and ei...

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Impact of Segmented Magnetization on the Flagellar Propulsion of Sperm‐Templated Microrobots

Cited by 37 publications

References 57 publications

Biocompatible Nanomaterials as an Emerging Technology in Reproductive Health; a Focus on the Male

Biocompatible Nanomaterials as an Emerging Technology in Reproductive Health; a Focus on the Male

Powering and Fabrication of Small-Scale Robotics Systems

Design, fabrication and actuation of magneto-acoustic microrobots: een deel magnetisch, een ander deel akoestisch, allebei fantastisch

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