Impact of Self-Watching Double J Stent Insertion on Pain Experience of Male Patients: A Randomized Control Study Using Visual Analog Scale

Abstract

Objective. To confirm safety and feasibility of double J stent insertion under local anesthesia and to assess the effect of detailed explanation and observing double J stent insertion on pain experience of male patients. Material and Methods. Eighty consenting males, randomized and divided prospectively into group A, who were allowed to observe DJ stent insertion, and group B, were not observed. All DJ stent insertions were done by senior urologist in operating urology room with or without fluoroscopy guidance. At the end of the procedure the vital signs and duration of the procedure were documented and patients were asked to fill unmarked 100 mm visual analogue pain scale (VAS) as soon as the surgeon leaves operating room. Results. Mean age of entire study group was 38.8 years; the majority of the patients had DJ stent insertion for obstructed ureteric stone, with uneventful outcomes. Postprocedural systolic blood pressure and mean pain using VAS showed statistically significant difference between groups A and B. Conclusion. DJ stent insertion under local anesthesia is a safe and feasible procedure. We recommended self-watching and detailed explanation to patients who underwent DJ stent insertion to reduce the pain and anxiety associated with the procedure.

Comparative Analysis of Shock Wave Therapy Success Rate in Management of Renal Stones and Patient Anxiety

“…[28][29][30][31] In addition, although DJ stenting performed with cystoscopy is mostly safe, its potential complications, development of urinary complaints, and requirement of stent removal may create anxiety. [26] Supporting the results from these studies, our data also demonstrate that anxiety of patients requiring additional procedures because of the residual fragments following SWL may be greater during postoperative follow-up of 4 to 5 weeks and until the necessary treatment is completed both because of the symptoms brought on by existing stones and the need for another procedure.…”

“…[23][24][25] Postoperatively, factors that may influence anxiety include pain, complaints of the urinary system that disrupt patient comfort, the possibility of additional procedures, and desire of patients to recover quickly. [25][26][27] Similar to bronchoscopy, colonoscopy, colposcopy, and other endoscopic procedures, cystoscopic procedure may induce pain and anxiety. [28][29][30][31] In addition, although DJ stenting performed with cystoscopy is mostly safe, its potential complications, development of urinary complaints, and requirement of stent removal may create anxiety.…”

Outcomes of outpatient ureteral stenting without fluoroscopy at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

“…Although explanation and informed consent are vital to success with this procedure under local anaesthesia, we noted a statistically greater chance of failure with visual pain scores >5. Investigating this issue, Hussein et al [9] recommended self-watching of the procedure on the video monitor together with a detailed explanation to reduce the pain and anxiety associated with the procedure. [9] They randomised patients to those allowed to and those prevented from viewing the procedure.…”

“…Investigating this issue, Hussein et al [9] recommended self-watching of the procedure on the video monitor together with a detailed explanation to reduce the pain and anxiety associated with the procedure. [9] They randomised patients to those allowed to and those prevented from viewing the procedure. The latter group had statistically greater visual analogue pain scores.…”

Changes in Neck and Back Pain, Cervical Range of Motion and Cervical and Lumbar Flexion‐relaxation Ratios after Below‐knee Assembly Work

“…The VAS score was determined by measuring in millimeters from the left-hand end of the line to the point marked by the subject. No pain was defined as a score of 0 mm, mild pain was defined as a score of 10−30 mm, moderate pain was defined as a score of 40−70 mm, and severe pain was defined as a score of 80−100 mm 17,18) .…”