Impact of simulated military operational stress on executive function relative to trait resilience, aerobic fitness, and neuroendocrine biomarkers

Beckner, Meaghan E.; Conkright, William R.; Eagle, Shawn R.; Martin, Brian J.; Sinnott, Aaron M.; LaGoy, Alice D.; Proessl, Felix; Lovalekar, Mita; Jabloner, Leslie; Roma, Peter G.; Basner, Mathias; Ferrarelli, Fabio; Germain, Anne; Flanagan, Shawn D.; Connaboy, Chris; Nindl, Bradley C.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113413

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Moreover, a bout of acute exercise seems to increase S-Klotho in women 53 , and also in healthy football players 54 . However, military operational stress reduces Klotho in service members 55 . Taken together, it seems that an excessively stressful condition could blunt S-Klotho production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klotho, much more than an anti-aging protein, an emerging exerkine: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Corrêa

Raab

Araújo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Klotho is an anti-aging protein with several therapeutic roles in the pathophysiology of different organs, such as the skeletal muscle and kidneys. Available evidence suggests that exercise increases Klotho levels, regardless of the condition or intervention, shedding some light on this anti-aging protein as an emergent and promising exerkine. Objective: Development of a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to verify the role of different exercise training protocols on the levels of circulating soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) protein. Data sources: A systematic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE through PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CT.gov, and PEDro. Eligibility criteria: Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that investigated effects of exercise training on S-Klotho levels. Results: We included 12 reports in the analysis, comprising 621 participants with age ranging from 30 to 65 years old. Klotho concentration increased significantly after chronic exercise training (minimum of 12 weeks) (Hedge’ g [95%CI] 1.3 [0.69 – 1.90]; P < 0.0001). Moreover, exercise training increases S-Klotho values regardless of the health condition of the individual or the exercise intervention, with the exception of combined aerobic + resistance training. Furthermore, protocol duration and volume seem to influence S-Klotho concentration, since the effect of the meta-analysis changes when subgrouping these variables. Conclusion: Altogether, circulating S-Klotho protein is altered after chronic exercise training and it might be considered an exerkine. However, this effect may be influenced by different training configurations, including protocol duration, volume, and intensity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klotho, much more than an anti-aging protein, an emerging exerkine: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Corrêa

Raab

Araújo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The ARMS is a brief, easily interpreted measure of perceived readiness for any key task or role, in the immediate future, and so demonstrating its responsiveness to sleep deprivation highlights the potential of using the ARMS to make meaningful inferences about individual-and group-readiness in field settings (i.e., by simply administering with pen-and-paper). Given the wellrecognised impacts of sleep deprivation on cognitive, physical, and sports performance (Nindl et al, 2002;Alhola and Polo-Kantola, 2007;Roca et al, 2012;Samuels, 2012;Parker and Parker, 2017;Grandou et al, 2019;Beckner et al, 2021), the ability to potentially pre-empt and mitigate these effects (by monitoring perceptual readiness), may facilitate improved outcomes for performance and training, although this suggestion is speculative and requires confirmation using larger samples and longitudinal study designs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has shown sleep deprivation to have a significant impact on cognitive and physical performance (Alhola and Polo-Kantola, 2007;Parker and Parker, 2017;Grandou et al, 2019). Specifically, reductions in vigilance have been reported in young healthy sleep deprived individuals (Roca et al, 2012), with similar cognitive decrements reported in elite athletic and military populations (Knufinke et al, 2018;Beckner et al, 2021). Impaired task performance and physical performance in military personnel has also been observed during sustained operations involving sleep deprivation (Nindl et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale: Assessing Predictive and Concurrent Validation

et al. 2021

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To complement and enhance readiness-monitoring capability, the Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale (ARMS) was developed: a widely applicable, simple psychometric measure of perceived readiness. While this tool may have widespread utility in sport and military settings, it remains unknown if the ARMS demonstrates predictive and concurrent validity. Here, we investigated whether the ARMS is: (1) responsive to an acute manipulation of readiness using sleep deprivation, (2) relates to biological markers of readiness [cortisol/heart-rate variability (HRV)], and (3) predicts performance on a cognitive task. Thirty young adults (aged 23 ± 4 years; 18 females) participated. All participants engaged in a 24-h sleep deprivation protocol. Participants completed the ARMS, biological measures of readiness (salivary cortisol, HRV), and cognitive performance measures (psychomotor vigilance task) before, immediately after, 24-, and 48-h post-sleep deprivation. All six of the ARMS subscales changed in response to sleep deprivation: scores on each subscale worsened (indicating reductions in perceived readiness) immediately after sleep deprivation, returning to baseline 24/48 h post. Lower perceived readiness was associated with reduced awakening responses in cortisol and predicted worse cognitive performance (slower reaction time). No relationship was observed between the ARMS and HRV, nor between any biological markers of readiness (cortisol/HRV) and cognitive performance. These data suggest that the ARMS may hold practical utility in detecting, or screening for, the wide range of deleterious effects caused by sleep deprivation; may constitute a quick, cheap, and easily interpreted alternative to biological measures of readiness; and may be used to monitor or mitigate potential underperformance on tasks requiring attention and vigilance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A subset of participants from a larger study investigating the impact of simulated military operational stress (Beckner et al, 2021 ) was selected for the present exploratory study of the relationship between biomarkers and resilience. The original cohort was divided into tertiles based on CD‐RISC scores collected at baseline (Beckner et al, 2021 ). For the present study, ten participants from the top tertile (CD‐RISC Score > 90 out of 100) and 10 participants from the bottom tertile (CD‐RISC score ≤ 79) were randomly selected to compare biological profiles between high and low resilience at baseline and in response to stress.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of extracellular vesicles as a potential biological indicator of physiological resilience during military operational stress

Beckner

Conkright

Sahu

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport biological content between cells to mediate physiological processes. The association between EVs and resilience, the ability to cope with stress, is unknown. Using unbiased machine learning approaches, we aimed to identify a biological profile of resilience. Twenty servicemen (27.8 ± 5.9 years) completed the Connor Davidson Resilience (CD‐RISC) questionnaire and were exposed to daily physical and cognitive exertion with 48‐hr sleep and caloric restriction. Blood samples from baseline and the second day of stress were analyzed for neuroendocrine biomarkers impacted by military stress. EVs were isolated from plasma and stained with antibodies associated with exosomes (CD63), microvesicles (VAMP3), and apoptotic bodies (THSD1). Individuals were separated into high ( n = 10, CD‐RISC > 90) and low ( n = 10, CD‐RISC < 79) resilience. EV features were stratified by size, then down‐selected using regression trees and compared between groups. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Compared to low resilience, high resilience demonstrated a greater increase in variability of THSD1 local bright spot intensities among large‐sized EVs in response to stress ( p = 0.002, Hedges’ g = 1.59). Among medium‐sized EVs, high resilience exhibited a greater decrease in side scatter intensity ( p = 0.014, Hedges’ g = 1.17). Both features demonstrated high to moderate diagnostic accuracy for high resilience (AUC = 0.90 and 0.79). In contrast, neuroendocrine biomarker concentrations were similar between groups. The increase in variability among THSD1 + EVs in high, but not low, resilient individuals following stress may suggest high resilience is accompanied by stress‐triggered apoptotic adaptations to the environment that are not detected in neuroendocrine biomarkers.

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Impact of simulated military operational stress on executive function relative to trait resilience, aerobic fitness, and neuroendocrine biomarkers

Cited by 28 publications

References 65 publications

Klotho, much more than an anti-aging protein, an emerging exerkine: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Klotho, much more than an anti-aging protein, an emerging exerkine: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale: Assessing Predictive and Concurrent Validation

Utility of extracellular vesicles as a potential biological indicator of physiological resilience during military operational stress

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