Impact of Singular Excessive Computer Game and Television Exposure on Sleep Patterns and Memory Performance of School-aged Children

Dworak, Markus; Schierl, Thomas; Bruns, Thomas D.; Strüder, Heiko K.

doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0476

Cited by 305 publications

(266 citation statements)

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“…29 The association between television viewing and computer use and sleep duration is supported by several other studies. 13,16 They might impair sleep quality and duration, for example, by increasing the arousal state, 30 or alternatively, sleeping less might lead to more leisure time to fill in with television viewing and computer use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sleep duration and overweight: the importance of parenting

et al. 2012

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OBJECTIVE: Sleep duration has been related to overweight in children, but determinants of sleep duration are unclear. The aims were to investigate the association between sleep duration and childhood overweight adjusted for family characteristics and unhealthy behaviours, to explore determinants of sleep duration and to determine with sleep competing activities. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2006 among 4072 children aged 4-13 years in the city of Zwolle, The Netherlands. In these children, data were available on measured height, weight and waist circumference, and from a parental questionnaire, on socio-demographic characteristics, child's sleep duration, nutrition, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Associations were studied in 2011 using logistic and linear regression analyses, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Short sleep duration was associated with overweight for 4-8-year-old boys (odds ratio (OR):3.10; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.15-8.40), 9-13-year-old boys (OR:4.96; 95% CI:1.35-18.16) and 9-13-year-old girls (OR:4.86; 95% CI:1.59-14.88). Among 4-8-year-old girls no statistically significant association was found. Determinants for short sleep duration were viewing television during a meal, permission to have candy without asking, not being active with their caregiver and a late bedtime. For all children, short sleep duration was strongly associated with more television viewing and computer use. CONCLUSIONS: Association between sleep duration and overweight is not explained by socio-demographic variables, drinking sugared drinks and eating snacks. Parents have a key role in stimulating optimal sleep duration. Improving parenting skills and knowledge to offer children more structure, and possibly with that, increase sleeping hours, may be promising in prevention of overweight. INTRODUCTIONOver the past decades, there has been a growing interest in the relationship between sleep duration and high body weight. A large number of studies has shown an association between reduced sleep duration and childhood overweight, especially in young children. [1][2][3] The association between short sleep duration and overweight seems to be stronger for boys than girls, 4 although not all studies have reported a gender difference. 2 Possible explanations for the association between sleep duration and overweight include the role of behavioural and hormonal factors; short sleep leaves more time for eating, particularly snacking or drinking sugared drinks, and causes alterations in appetite-regulating hormones resulting in overeating. 1,2,5 Moreover, sleepiness may result in reduced physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour. 1,2,5 Determinants of short sleep duration have not yet been fully explored. Presumably, sleep duration is influenced by a combination of socio-demographic, behavioural and environmental factors. With regard to socio-demographic factors, children of Caucasian ethnicity have been indicated to sleep longer than children of other ethnicities. [6][7][8][9] ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sleep duration and overweight: the importance of parenting

et al. 2012

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“…The primary outcome dichotomized the sleep scale at 0 to 1 (59% at baseline) versus 2 to 10 (41%), so that children were defined as having "any sleep problem" if the parent answered that at least 1 sleep problem occurred 5 to 7 days per week, or at least 2 sleep problems occurred 2 to 4 days per week. The sleep measures were collected at baseline and each follow-up time point (6,12, and 18 months after beginning the intervention).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this finding has been consistently replicated with high levels of use, bedtime use, and violent or frightening media content, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] effects have been observed across cultures and in all media formats (television, 6,[8][9][10] video games, [10][11][12] and computers 11,13,14 ) and across the age spectrum, including preschoolers, 2,7-9 school-aged children, 1,[3][4][5][6] and adolescents and adults. [13][14][15] Much of the existing research linking media use to child sleep problems has been crosssectional, however, raising the possibility that the causality is reversed; that is, that sleep problems are leading to increased media use, evening media use, and exposure to violent media content, rather than the other way around.…”

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confidence: 97%

The Impact of a Healthy Media Use Intervention on Sleep in Preschool Children

Garrison

Christakis

2012

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Although observational studies have consistently reported an association between media use and child sleep problems, it is unclear whether the relationship is causal or if an intervention targeting healthy media use can improve sleep in preschool-aged children. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study demonstrates that a healthy media use intervention can improve child sleep outcomes and adds evidence that the relationship between media and sleep in preschool-aged children is indeed causal in nature. abstract BACKGROUND: Although observational studies have consistently reported an association between media use and child sleep problems, it is unclear whether the relationship is causal or if an intervention targeting healthy media use can improve sleep in preschool-aged children. METHODS:We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a healthy media use intervention in families of children aged 3 to 5 years. The intervention encouraged families to replace violent or ageinappropriate media content with quality educational and prosocial content, through an initial home visit and follow-up telephone calls over 6 months. Sleep measures were derived from the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire and were collected at 6, 12, and 18 months after baseline; repeated-measures regression analyses were used. RESULTS:Among the 565 children analyzed, the most common sleep problem was delayed sleep-onset latency (38%). Children in the intervention group had significantly lower odds of "any sleep problem" at follow-up in the repeated-measures analysis (odds ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.16 to 0.83), with a trend toward a decrease in intervention effect over time (P = .07). Although there was no significant effect modification detected by baseline sleep or behavior problems, gender, or low-income status, there was a trend (P = .096) toward an increased effect among those with high levels of violence exposure at baseline. CONCLUSIONS:The significant effects of a healthy media use intervention on child sleep problems in the context of a randomized controlled trial suggest that the previously reported relationship between media use and child sleep problems is indeed causal in nature. Pediatrics 2012;130:492-499 AUTHORS:

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“…The use of computers before bedtime has also been shown to have the same effect, and this finding has been demonstrated in a wide range of countries and cultures. 45,46,[48][49][50][51] Engaging in a greater number and range of sleep-interfering activities before going to bed has also been associated with less nocturnal sleep and more daytime sleepiness in adolescents. 45 Several mechanisms have been postulated about how media disrupts sleep.…”

Section: Electronic Media and Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 One study found that subjective sleepiness was lower, sleep latency was longer, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was shorter in subjects after playing video shooting games, independent of the brightness of the screen used. 56 Another study that compared playing an interactive computer game with watching a movie on television in the evening 51 found a decline in verbal memory performance, prolonged sleep latency, and an increase in light sleep in the computer game cohort.…”

Section: Electronic Media and Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences

Owens¹

2014

Pediatrics

1,146

768

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Chronic sleep loss and associated sleepiness and daytime impairments in adolescence are a serious threat to the academic success, health, and safety of our nation’s youth and an important public health issue. Understanding the extent and potential short- and long-term repercussions of sleep restriction, as well as the unhealthy sleep practices and environmental factors that contribute to sleep loss in adolescents, is key in setting public policies to mitigate these effects and in counseling patients and families in the clinical setting. This report reviews the current literature on sleep patterns in adolescents, factors contributing to chronic sleep loss (ie, electronic media use, caffeine consumption), and health-related consequences, such as depression, increased obesity risk, and higher rates of drowsy driving accidents. The report also discusses the potential role of later school start times as a means of reducing adolescent sleepiness.

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Impact of Singular Excessive Computer Game and Television Exposure on Sleep Patterns and Memory Performance of School-aged Children

Abstract: The results suggest that television and computer game exposure affect children's sleep and deteriorate verbal cognitive performance, which supports the hypothesis of the negative influence of media consumption on children's sleep, learning, and memory.

Cited by 305 publications

References 37 publications

Association between sleep duration and overweight: the importance of parenting

Association between sleep duration and overweight: the importance of parenting

The Impact of a Healthy Media Use Intervention on Sleep in Preschool Children

Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences

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