Impact of Sloths on Neotropical Forest Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling

Montgomery, G. G.; Sunquist, Melvin E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-88533-4_7

Cited by 89 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore the adjacent tree where V and VI interacted was shared by III and IV, and in its surroundings, we found an average of 26 individuals/ha/day, so a pacific coexistence is likely to happen. This density is far higher than the ones previously estimated in large forested areas (from 2.12 ind/ha [Queiroz, 1995] to 8.5 ind/ha [Montgomery and Sunquist, 1975]), and probably higher than in PARNASO. The higher density in BGBM, probably is due to the fact that this area is a forested patch surrounded by urbanizations.…”

Section: Novel Behaviour Datacontrasting

confidence: 62%

Towards a standard framework to describe behaviours in the common-sloth (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825): novel interactions data observed in distinct fragments of the Atlantic forest, Brazil

et al. 2013

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The common three-toed sloth is a widespread species, but the location and the observation of its individuals are greatly hindered by its biological features. Their camouflaged pelage, its slow and quiet movements, and the strictly arboreal habits resulted in the publication of sparse, fragmented and not patterned information on the common sloth behaviour. Thus, herein we propose an updated standardized behavioural categories' framework to the study of the species. Furthermore we describe two never reported interaction behaviours: a probable mating / courtship ritual between male and female; and apparent recognition behaviour between two males. Finally we highlight the contribution of smallduration field works in this elusive species ethological study.Keywords: common three-toed sloth, recognition behaviour, male-female interactions. Contribuição para a padronização da descrição de comportamentos de preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825): novos dados de interação observados em distintos fragmentos de Mata Atlântica, BrasilResumo A preguiça-de-três-dedos comum é uma espécie amplamente distribuída. No entanto, a biologia da espécie dificulta a sua deteção e observação na natureza. A camuflagem da sua pelagem, seus movimentos lentos e silenciosos e seus hábitos estritamente arbóreos resultaram na publicação de dados comportamentais esparsos, fragmentados e não padronizados. Assim, no presente trabalho propomos uma tabela atualizada e padronizada de comportamentos de preguiça-comum. Além disso, descrevemos dois novos comportamentos de interação para a espécie: um provável evento de corte ou acasalamento entre macho e fêmea e um aparente comportamento de reconhecimento entre dois machos. Finalmente, discutimos a contribuição de trabalhos de campo de curta-duração no estudo etológico desta espécie tão elusiva.Palavras-chave: Preguiça-de-três-dedos-comum, comportamento de reconhecimento, interação macho-fêmea.

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Section: Novel Behaviour Datacontrasting

confidence: 62%

Towards a standard framework to describe behaviours in the common-sloth (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825): novel interactions data observed in distinct fragments of the Atlantic forest, Brazil

et al. 2013

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“…More recently (in the past 1000 years), Isla Cristó bal and Isla Popa each separated from the mainland, and Cayo Nancy split from Isla Bastimentos. (Carvalho 1960;Montgomery and Sunquist 1975;Chiarello 1998b). Concomitant with their energy-poor diet, they have extremely low metabolic rates and are not fully homeothermic (Britton and Atkinson 1938).…”

Section: Three-toed Slothsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concomitant with their energy-poor diet, they have extremely low metabolic rates and are not fully homeothermic (Britton and Atkinson 1938). Sloths avoid predation largely by avoiding detection, moving very slowly in trees (Brattstrom 1966) throughout small home ranges, which average 1.6 ha (Montgomery and Sunquist 1975;see also Chiarello 1998a). Sloths move even more slowly on the ground than in trees, traveling on average 0.4 km per hour (Britton and Kline 1939;see also Mendel 1985), although they are known to swim well in rivers (Beebe 1926, pp.…”

Section: Three-toed Slothsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dwarfism in Insular Sloths: Biogeography, Selection, and Evolutionary Rate

Anderson

Handley

2002

Evolution

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Abstract. The islands of Bocas del Toro, Panama, were sequentially separated from the adjacent mainland by rising sea levels during the past 10,000 years. Three-toed sloths (Bradypus) from five islands are smaller than their mainland counterparts, and the insular populations themselves vary in mean body size. We first examine relationships between body size and physical characteristics of the islands, testing hypotheses regarding optimal body size, evolutionary equilibria, and the presence of dispersal in this system. To do so, we conduct linear regressions of body size onto island area, distance from the mainland, and island age. Second, we retroactively calculate two measures of the evolutionary rate of change in body size (haldanes and darwins) and the standardized linear selection differential, or selection intensity (i). We also test the observed morphological changes against models of evolution by genetic drift. The results indicate that mean body size decreases linearly with island age, explaining up to 97% of the variation among population means. Neither island area nor distance from the mainland is significant in multiple regressions that include island age. Thus, we find no evidence for differential optimal body size among islands, or for dispersal in the system. In contrast, the dependence of body size on island age suggests uniform directional selection for small body size in the insular populations. Although genetic drift cannot be discounted as the cause for this evolution in body size, the probability is small given the consistent direction of evolution (repeated dwarfism). The insular sloths show a sustained rate of evolution similar to those measured in haldanes over tens of generations, appearing to unite micro-and macroevolutionary time scales. Furthermore, the magnitude and rate of this example of rapid differentiation fall within predictions of theoretical models from population genetics. However, the linearity of the relationship between body size and island age is not predicted, suggesting that either more factors are involved than those considered here, or that theoretical advances are necessary to explain constant evolutionary rates over long time spans in new selective environments.

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“…Population: This two-toed sloth occurs at densities of 1.05 animals per hectare on Barro Colorado Island, Panama (Montgomery and Sunquist, 1975 …”

Section: Habitats and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Registro da Preguiça-de-ColeiraBradypus torquatus(Pilosa, Bradypodidae) em Três Localidades do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Cachoeiras de Macacu e Teresópolis

Boffy¹,

Novaes²,

Mello³

et al. 2010

Edentata

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Impact of Sloths on Neotropical Forest Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling

Cited by 89 publications

References 23 publications

Towards a standard framework to describe behaviours in the common-sloth (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825): novel interactions data observed in distinct fragments of the Atlantic forest, Brazil

Towards a standard framework to describe behaviours in the common-sloth (Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825): novel interactions data observed in distinct fragments of the Atlantic forest, Brazil

Dwarfism in Insular Sloths: Biogeography, Selection, and Evolutionary Rate

Registro da Preguiça-de-ColeiraBradypus torquatus(Pilosa, Bradypodidae) em Três Localidades do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Cachoeiras de Macacu e Teresópolis

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