Impact of socio-economic and environmental factors on livestock production in Kyrgyzstan

Abstract

Livestock husbandry is a key indicator of economic development, environmental protection, and food security in the world, which is vulnerable to environmental changes and economic shocks. In our study on Kyrgyzstan, we quantified the effects of socio-economic and environmental factors on the dynamics of livestock sales, self-consumption, and inventory from 2006 to 2020 using a two-period livestock production model and spatial panel model. The results showed that from 2006 to 2020, more than 50% livestock were stocked annually, which means that herders in Kyrgyzstan preferred to preserve their animals as assets to deal with unknown risks. Additionally, to gain greater profit, Kyrgyz herdsmen would expand or downsize their livestock business, tailor self-consumption, and manage inventory based on the livestock market price, loan on livestock, non-herding income, and its current stock. Our study found that the development of animal husbandry in seven oblasts of Kyrgyzstan had spatial spillover effects, which indicated that the dynamics of the animal husbandry market and environment not only affected the scale of local animal husbandry but also had an important impact on adjacent oblasts. Our research contributes to ensuring the income for herdsmen and the sustainable development of animal husbandry, thereby promoting high-quality economic development in developing countries with animal husbandry as a pillar industry.

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“…In Kazakhstan, as well as in Kyrgyzstan, given the presence of large areas that can be used for grazing animals, individual farms of the population are widespread (Yang et al, 2022). Such agricultural enterprises are perceived differently within a single livestock market.…”

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“…Over 85% of Kyrgyzstan’s agricultural land area comprises mountain pastures and hay fields, which are favorable for raising livestock [ 1 , 2 ]. As a traditional nomadic country, approximately 40% of the population of Kyrgyzstan is engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, and the production of meat, milk, and wool by farming animals such as sheep, goats, and cows is economically vital [ 3 , 4 ].…”