Impact of sociodemographic status and sex on chronic rhinosinusitis and olfaction in people with cystic fibrosis

Abstract

BackgroundSociodemographic status (SDS) including race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status as approximated by education, income, and insurance status impact pulmonary disease in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). The relationship between SDS and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains understudied.MethodsIn a prospective, multi‐institutional study, adult PwCF completed the 22‐Question SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), Smell Identification Test (SIT), Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorder Negative Statements (QOD‐NS), and Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire‐Revised (CFQ‐R). Lund–Kennedy scores, sinus computed tomography, and clinical data were collected. Data were analyzed across race/ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic factors using multivariate regression.ResultsSeventy‐three PwCF participated with a mean age of 34.7 ± 10.9 years and 49 (67.1%) were female. Linear regression identified that elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) use (β = ‒4.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] [‒6.08, ‒2.11], p < 0.001), female sex (β = ‒2.14, 95% CI [‒4.11, ‒0.17], p = 0.034), and increasing age (β = ‒0.14, 95% CI [‒0.22, ‒0.05], p = 0.003) were associated with lower/better endoscopy scores. Private health insurance (β = 17.76, 95% CI [5.20, 30.32], p = 0.006) and >16 educational years (β = 13.50, 95% CI [2.21, 24.80], p = 0.020) were associated with higher baseline percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (ppFEV1). Medicaid/Medicare insurance was associated with worse endoscopy scores, CFQ‐R respiratory scores, and ppFEV1 (all p < 0.017), and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity was associated with worse SNOT‐22 scores (p = 0.047), prior to adjustment for other cofactors. No other SDS factors were associated with SNOT‐22, QOD‐NS, or SIT scores.ConclusionsDifferences in objective measures of CRS severity exist among PwCF related to sex, age, and ETI use. Variant status and race did not influence patient‐reported CRS severity measures or olfaction in this study. Understanding how these factors impact response to treatment may improve care disparities among PwCF.Clinical TrialsNCT04469439