“…There are many method has been used, such as concentration gradient, matrix models, relative enrichment factors, and isotopes. Recently, many remediation methods including physical, chemical, biological, and combined methods were proposed and adopted for the purpose of solving the problems of soil and sediment pollution (Song et al, 2017;Du et al, 2022;Khanam et al, 2022). The remediation method is usually dependent upon the pollutant characters and levels in soil and sediment.…”