Impact of soil suppressiveness on various population densities of Heterodera schachtii

Westphal, Andreas; Becker, J. Ole

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2001.tb00122.x

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The bioassay with radish seedlings, previously used for the demonstration of soil suppressiveness against this nematode (21), was useful for testing efficacy of the nematicide. Chemical nematode suppression was detected at the depth of application of the material but not in the nontreated layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the infectivity of J2 of H. schachtii after soil treatment with fosthiazate, composite soil samples of four cores per plot were collected on 12 May and 17 lune and subjected to a modified radish bioassay (21). Briefly, the equivalents of 100 g of soil dry weight were placed in 11-cm-diameter plastic food containers.…”

Section: Experiments With Infestation At Distinct Depth Layers On 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical Distribution of Heterodera schachtii under Susceptible, Resistant, or Tolerant Sugar Beet Cultivars

Westphal

2013

Plant Disease

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Westphal, A. 2013. Vertical distribution of Heterodera schachtii under susceptible, resistant, or tolerant sugar beet cultivars. Plant Dis. 97:101-106.Heterodera schachtii is managed by rotation with non-hosts, resistant cover crops, and resistant and tolerant sugar beet cultivars. Microplots 60 cm deep and 30 cm in diameter containing steamed field soil were (i) noninfested or infested with 550 H. .schachtii eggs per 100 g at (ii) 0 to 60 cm, (iii) 0 to 30 cm or (iv) 30 to 60 cm in depth. Plots were planted to susceptible, resistant, and tolerant sugar beets. Five weeks later, the sugar beet canopy was largest in condition i, smallest in condition ii, and intermediate in conditions iii and iv. White sugar yield (WSY) was highest in condition i, second in condition iv, lowest in condition ii, and intermediate in condition iii. Cultivar-speeific final nematode numbers were independent of the level of infestation. In two experiments utilizing l-m-microplots, naturally occurring H. schachtii populations were suppressed with fosthiazate at depth layers in reverse to those infested in the first experiment, and planted to susceptible, resistant, and tolerant sugar beets. In one experiment, WSY was highest in soil treated with fosthiazate at 0 to 60 cm in depth, lowest in nontreated, unaffected in soil treated at 30 to 60 cm in depth, and somewhat lower in soil treated at 0 to 30 cm in depth. In all cultivars, early root penetration predicted canopy diameter; only in the susceptible cultivar did the canopy diameter predict WSY. Deep-occurring H. schachtii can impact productivity in sugar beet cropping.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments With Infestation At Distinct Depth Layers On 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Distribution of Heterodera schachtii under Susceptible, Resistant, or Tolerant Sugar Beet Cultivars

Westphal

2013

Plant Disease

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“…In the nematode-suppressive soil study, transferring a portion of field soil into autoclaved or conducive soil treated by other means is commonly used (Zuckerman et al, 1989;Chen et al, 1996;Westphal & Becker, 2000, 2001aMazzola, 2002;Chen, 2007;Bent et al, 2008). Westphal & Becker (2000) found that a H. schachtiisuppressive soil could establish suppression at a transfer rate of either 1 or 10% field soil; however, it took longer the lower the soil percentage that was transferred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of temperature treatment on survival of Heterodera glycines and its associated fungi and bacteria

Chen

Liu

2016

Nematol

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In studies of nematode-suppressive soil and plant-parasitic nematode management, it is often desirable to kill nematodes in the soil but keep the microbial community alive. The effect of temperature treatment on survival of Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), and associated fungi and bacteria was investigated. Extracted eggs and cysts, and cysts in soil were subjected to treatments of temperatures ranging from −80 to 55°C for 1 to 24 h. Nematode survival was determined by hatching in vitro and by infectivity and development in soybean, and fungal survival was determined by plating the eggs or cysts on potato dextrose agar. The nematodes survived well between −20 and 45°C, but could not survive at −80 or 48°C and above, while some nematodes were killed after heat treatment of 46°C. By contrast, fungi survived well in the cysts at −80°C, and also much better than nematodes at the high temperatures. Glasshouse studies demonstrated that both bacteria and fungi survived well in the soil treated with −80°C. Transferring 5% of −80°C-treated soil to autoclaved soil could effectively establish nematode suppressiveness. Our study demonstrated that freezing soil at −80°C can kill SCN but maintain nematode suppressiveness, and the soil treatment can improve the method for nematode-suppressive soil evaluation.

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“…Unless otherwise noted, each composite sample was divided into twelve subsamples equivalent to 50 g dry soil each. Three subsamples were used for cyst extraction by density centrifugation [27]. Single soil samples (50 g) were placed in a bucket with a 250-µm aperture sieve as the bottom to wash off fine soil particles with tap water.…”

Section: Cyst Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cover Cropping on Microbial Communities Associated with Heterodera schachtii and Nematode Virulence

2019

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Nematode-resistant cover crops can suppress populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. Samples of a loamy and a sandy loam soil were collected from two sugar beet fields in Lower Saxonia, northern Germany (“Jeinsen” and “Gross Munzel”) to measure the effects of cover cropping on the population genetic structure and infectivity of Heterodera schachtii as well as the composition of soil microbial communities. These fields allowed for a comparison of cover cropping with Brassica species resistant to Heterodera schachtii to fallow. In a series of radish bioassays with H. schachtii populations from Jeinsen and Gross Munzel, ratios of second-stage juveniles in roots per eggs in soil were higher in soil from under Brassica cropping than from under fallow. In denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis, profiles of the parasitism gene vap1 differed between Brassica and fallow treatments in both populations. At Gross Munzel, microbes of soils and within nematode cysts differed between Brassica and fallow areas. Specifically, the frequency and occurrence of isolates of Pochonia chlamydosporia and Exophiala salmonis were lower within the cysts from Brassica than from fallow treatments. Overall, cover cropping with resistant Brassica species affected the bacteria and fungi infecting the cysts and subsequently, the infectivity of the H. schachtii population. Cover crop effects on nematode virulence (vap1 gene) and microbial colonization of the cysts could affect long-term nematode population dynamics.

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Impact of soil suppressiveness on various population densities of Heterodera schachtii

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Vertical Distribution of Heterodera schachtii under Susceptible, Resistant, or Tolerant Sugar Beet Cultivars

Vertical Distribution of Heterodera schachtii under Susceptible, Resistant, or Tolerant Sugar Beet Cultivars

Effect of temperature treatment on survival of Heterodera glycines and its associated fungi and bacteria

Effects of Cover Cropping on Microbial Communities Associated with Heterodera schachtii and Nematode Virulence

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